The Analogy of Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature: To which are added two brief dissertations: I. On personal identity. II. On the nature of virtue.Butler, Joseph
Religion
The Analogy of Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature: To which are added two brief dissertations: I. On personal identity. II. On the nature of virtue.
Butler, Joseph
Analogy (Religion); Apologetics -- Early works to 1800; Eschatology; Natural theology; Revelation
It has been thought to be a positive argument against revelation, that
its evidences are not adequate, and that it is not universally known
and believed.
But the argument amounts to just this, that God would not bestow on us
any favor, except in such a mode and degree as we thought best, and did
exactly the same for everybody else.
Such a notion, all analogy contradicts.
I. _Men act in their most important concerns on doubtful evidence._
=1.= It is often absolutely _impossible_ to say which of two
modes of acting will give most pleasure or profit.
=2.= If it were possible, we cannot know what changes temper,
satiety, ill health, &c. might produce, so as to destroy our
pleasure.
=3.= We cannot foresee what accidents may cut it all off.
=4.= Strong objections and difficulties may attach to the course
of action we adopt, which yet all would admit ought not to deter
us.
=5.= We may, after all, be deceived by appearances, or by our
passions, &c.
=6.= Men think it reasonable to engage in pursuit of advantage,
even when the probabilities of success are against them.
II. _As to the light of Christianity not being universal._
=1.= Temporal good is enjoyed in very different degrees even
among creatures of the same species.
=2.= Yet it is certain that God governs.
=3.= We may prudently or imprudently use our good things.
=4.= The Jewish religion was not universal.
=5.= If it be _intended_ that Christianity should be a small
light, shining in a great and wide-spread darkness, it would be
perfectly uniform with other parts of God’s providence.
=6.= If some have Christianity so corrupted, and interpolated, as
to cause thoughtful persons to doubt it, as is the case in some
countries; and if, where it is the purest, some learn much less
from it than they might, there are manifest parallels in God’s
natural dispensations.
=7.= No more is expected of any one, than is equitable under his
circumstances.
=8.= Every one is bound to get rid of his ignorance, as far as he
can, and to instruct his neighbor.
=9.= If revelation _were_ universal, in extent and degree,
different understandings, educations, tempers, length of lives,
and outward advantages, would soon make the knowledge of it as
different as it is at present.
III. _Practical reflections._
_First._ That the evidence of religion is not such as unavoidably
to convince all, may be part of our probation.
=1.= It gives scope for a wise or vicious use of our
understanding. Just as is the case in common affairs.
=2.= Intellectual inattention to so serious a matter, is as
immoral, as disobedience after conviction of the truth.
_Secondly._ If the evidence is really doubtful, it puts us on
probation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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