The Analogy of Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature: To which are added two brief dissertations: I. On personal identity. II. On the nature of virtue.Butler, Joseph
Religion
The Analogy of Religion to the Constitution and Course of Nature: To which are added two brief dissertations: I. On personal identity. II. On the nature of virtue.
Butler, Joseph
Analogy (Religion); Apologetics -- Early works to 1800; Eschatology; Natural theology; Revelation
=1.= If a man were in doubt whether a certain person had done
him the greatest favor, or whether his whole temporal interest
depended on him, he ought not to regard that person as he would
if there were _no_ reason to think so.
=2.= So if there is only reason to apprehend that Christianity
_may_ be true, we are as much bound to _examine_, &c. as we
would be bound to _obey_, if we _knew_ it was true.
=3.= Considering the infinite importance of religion, there is
not much difference as to what ought to be the mode of life of
those who are convinced and those who doubt its truth. Their
hopes and fears are the same in kind, though not in degree; and
so their obligations are much the same.
=4.= Doubts presuppose _some_ evidence, belief _more_, and
certainty _more still_. Each state should influence our
conduct, and does so, in common things.
=5.= It shows a mental defect not to see evidence unless it is
glaring; and a corrupt heart not to be influenced by it unless
overpowering.
_Thirdly._ Difficulties as to believing religion, are no more a
ground of complaint, than difficulties in practising it.
=1.= They constitute a wholesome discipline.
1.) In allowing an unfair mind to deceive itself.
2.) In requiring belief and the practice of virtue under some
uncertainties.
=2.= In the case of some minds, speculative difficulties as
to the evidence of religion is the _principal_ trial. A full
conviction of its truth would _constrain_ some to obedience.
_Fourthly._ The difficulties may be _in the objector_ rather than
in the religion.
=1.= Not sufficiently in earnest to be informed.
=2.= Secretly _wishes_ religion not to be true.
=3.= Looks at objections rather than replies.
=4.= Treats the subject ludicrously.
_Fifthly._ The proof of Christianity is level to common men.
=1.= They are capable of being convinced of the existence of
God, and of their moral accountability.
=2.= And they can understand the evidence of miracles, and the
fulfilment of prophecy.
=3.= If they are capable of seeing the difficulty, they are
capable of understanding the proof.
=4.= If they pick up objections from hearsay, and will not or
cannot examine them thoroughly, they must remain ignorant, just
as they do as to the sciences.
_Objec._ Our directions should be too plain to _admit_ of
doubt; like those of an earthly master.
_Ans._ The earthly master only wants his work done, and is
careless as to the state of the heart; but as the whole of
morality consists in the state of the heart, the cases are
not parallel.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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