The most common form of hammer is that which is shown in Fig. 210, from an original in the British Museum found at Thorndon,[630] Suffolk, in company with a spear-head, socketed gouge, socketed knife, and two socketed celts. The two hammer-like instruments engraved as Figs. 211 and 212 were found, with a number of socketed celts, moulds, &c.—in fact the whole stock-in-trade of an ancient bronze-founder—in the Isle of Harty, Sheppey, and are in my own collection. The larger of the two shows a considerable amount of wear at the end, which is somewhat “upset” by constant use. The smaller is more oxidized, so that the marks of use are less easily recognised. The metal of which they are formed seems to contain a larger admixture of tin than is usual with the cutting tools; and I have noticed the same appearance in some other instances, so that even in early times the singular fact must have been known that by adding to copper the softer metal, tin, in a larger proportion than the one-tenth usually employed for bronze, a much harder metal resulted. At the present time the extremely hard alloy used for the specula of reflecting telescopes is formed by an admixture of about two parts of copper and one part of tin, the two soft metals mixed in these proportions forming an alloy almost as hard as hardened steel. [Illustration: Fig. 210.—Thorndon. ½] [Illustration: Fig. 211.—Harty. ½] [Illustration: Fig. 212.—Harty. ½] [Illustration: Fig. 213.—Carlton Rode. ½] [Illustration: Fig. 214.—Taunton. ½] In the Carlton Rode find, of which mention has already been frequently made, was a hammer of much longer proportions than those from the Isle of Harty. By the kindness of the trustees of the Norwich Museum I have been able to engrave it as Fig. 213. It expands considerably at the mouth. As will be seen, the end is “upset” by use. What appears to be a hammer of much the same kind, but with the face still smaller, was found with a hoard of bronze objects, including palstaves, spear-heads, flat sickles, a torque, &c., at Taunton.[631] It is shown in Fig. 214. A hammer somewhat larger in its dimensions than Fig. 211, but in type more resembling Fig. 212, having no shoulder upon its body, was found at Roseberry Topping,[632] in Cleveland, with a socketed celt, a gouge, and other objects. Another broken hammer was found, with a hoard of bronze objects, at Stanhope,[633] Durham. A small hammer (2¼ inches), found with gouges and other objects near Whittlesea, is in the Wisbech Museum. Another with a circular socket was in the hoard found in Burgesses’ Meadow, Oxford. A small one was found at Rugby,[634] and is in the possession of Mr. M. H. Bloxam, F.S.A. I have one (3 inches) found near Cambridge. I am not aware of any examples having as yet been found in Scotland. In Ireland they are rare, but four “round-faced socketed punches,” varying from 2 to 4 inches in length, are mentioned in Wilde’s Catalogue. These are probably hammers.