[16-1] _The Lineal Measures of the Semi-Civilized Nations of Mexico and Central America_, by D. G. Brinton, in _Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_, and separately. [16-2] “En la Provincia de Utlatan, junto á Guatemala, se averiguò _por las Pinturas, que los Naturales tenian de sus antiguedades, demas de ochocientos años_, etc.” Herrera, _Historia de las Indias Occidentales_, Dec. III, Lib. IV, Cap. XVIII. [17-1] “Son amigos de hacer colloquios y decir coplas en sus bailes.” Thomas Coto, _Vocabulario de la Lengua Cakchiquel_. MS. sub voce, _Poesia_. [17-2] “Son flecheros y no tienen hierba.” Oviedo, _Historia General de Indias_, Par. III, Lib. III, Cap. IV. [18-1] This word is doubtful, as I do not find it in the dictionaries, and judge of its meaning from its derivation and context. See the Vocabulary. Sanchez y Leon speaks of the “very long lances pointed with flint,” used by these people. _Apuntamientos de la Historia de Guatemala_, p. 27. [19-1] The statement of Gavarrete, in his notes to Sanchez y Leon, _Historia de Guatemala_, p. 3, that the Xahils and Zotzils were two branches of the ruling family, the one residing at Iximche, the other at Solola, rests on a misapprehension, as will be seen from the _Annals_ published in this volume. [20-1] It is interesting in this connection to observe how widespread was the symbolic significance of the canopy, or sun shade, as a mark of dignity. The student of Shakspeare will recall the lines in his 125th sonnet-- “Were it aught to me I bore the canopy, With my extern the outward honouring;” while the ethnologist may consult Richard Andree’s suggestive essay, _Der Schirm als Würdezeichen_, in his _Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche_, p. 250 (Stuttgart, 1878). [21-1] Alvarado writes “La tierra es muy poblada de pueblos muy recios.” _Relacion_, etc., ubi suprá, p. 459. The following extract is quoted from Las Casas, _Historia Apologetica_, MS., by Mr. Squier, in his notes to Palacio:-- “En el Reyno de Guatemala, en la parte que va por la Sierra, estaban ciudades de caba muy grandes, con maravillosos edificios de cal y canto, de los cuales yo vi muchos; y otros pueblos sin numero de aquellas sierras.” Sanchez y Leon states that there were, in all, thirty independent native states in the former confines of Guatemala. _Historia de Guatemala_, p. 1. [22-1] On the derivation of Guatemala, see Buschmann, _Ueber die Aztekischen Ortsnamen_, p. 719. That this is probably a translation of the Cakchiquel _Molomic chee_, which has the same meaning, and is a place-name mentioned in the _Annals_, I shall show on a later page. [22-2] See the _Otra Relacion hecha por Pedro de Albarado à Hernando Cortes_, printed in the _Bibliotheca de Autores Españoles_, Tom. XXII, p. 460. [23-1] Bernal Diaz, _Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva España_, Cap. CXCIII.