Criminals torn to pieces by wild beasts upon it _ib._ The gladiators and other actors often killed _ib._ Celebrated gladiators were called for by the people _ib._ Usually four gates to each amphitheatre 53 The names of these not easily ascertained _ib._ One was called _sandapila_, or _sanavivaria_, or _libitinensis_, from _libitina_, “death” _ib._ Others—Porta Prætoria, Porta Sacra, Porta Cochlea 54 THE GAMES ON THE ARENA 55 XXII. —— Great importance attached to them _ib._ The Emperor went to see the wild beasts fed _ib._ Tacitus gives an account of games performed under his own direction _ib._ APPENDIX. SCAURUS 56 —— The name means club-footed, from the first member of the family, but it was a great family, the _Gens Æmilia_ _ib._ One of the family built the Basilica Æmilia _ib._ The insane works of Scaurus, their enormous cost _ib._ His theatre, to hold 80,000 people, could only be on the site of the Colosseum _ib._ No other theatre is three storeys high _ib._ Extract from Pliny, relating to Scaurus and his works _ib._ The amphitheatre of Nero not in the Campus Martius 58 The great drain 59 XXXVI. LIST OF PLATES. I. Exterior—General View. II. Views of Parts—Upper Gallery, and remains of Reservoir in first gallery. III. General View in 1812. IV. View in the Substructures in 1874. V. View in the Interior in 1874. VI. Interior—View at the South-east End. VII. General View in the South-east Part, with the Cradle. VIII. Plan of the Part Excavated. IX. Arches in the Substructure, of the first and second century. X. Canals for the Naval fights. XI. Two Capitals, one from the upper gallery the other from the lower one. XII. Restoration of one Compartment. XIII. Section and Details of one Compartment. XIV. Section of one Bay, and Plans of the Six Storeys. XV. A. Probable Restoration of the Stagna, &c. B. Brick arches of Nero supporting a tufa wall and arch. XVI. Probable Restoration of the Lifts and _Pegmata_, or cages, with the animals leaping out. XVII. View in the Substructures, shewing the Consoles for placing the boards upon. XVIII. View and Plan of one Division, shewing the great consoles inserted into the old tufa wall.