The edges of such a filling are better, and remain better than those of the ordinary filling, for the reason, I believe, that the cement controls, or at any rate lessens, the spheroidal tendency in the amalgam. In very deep cavities it is well to work into the cement a piece of hardened amalgam before inserting the fresh, as it lessens the amount of cement necessary, and also of the amalgam, and again prevents the tendency to spheroid. Proximal cavities in children's teeth are very easily filled with amalgam by this method, and without causing pain in cutting tooth structure. We now come to the use of cements as anchorage for gold. With this material it has a smaller field of application, and in my hands does not yield as good results as in the use of amalgam. I believe that Dr. F. D. Nellis, of Syracuse, New York, was the first to conceive the idea and use the cement as an anchorage for gold. It is useful in teeth having very shallow cavities, and in those cases where, while it is desirable to use gold, the edges chip or shale off at every attempt to make the cavity retentive. The method of use is as follows: The rubber dam, of course, is used. The cavity being ready, a small amount of cement is mixed and placed in it. On the cement put a cylinder of gold large enough to cover the floor of the cavity. Work the gold into the cement, at the same time working the latter all over the cavity. Trim cement from edges and proceed with the filling, making a mechanical anchorage of the gold with that anchored by the cement. Foil or pellet may be used in place of cylinder, and it may be cohesive or not, and the filling finished with soft or cohesive gold, but I think the best results are obtained by using soft cylinder over the cement, continuing with the same and finishing with a few strips of annealed foil. A very good way is to proceed to fill the cavity with gold the same as if cement were not to be used for anchorage, holding the gold in place with another instrument, and when sufficient has been inserted to nicely take the form of the cavity, to take out, place a little cement in the cavity, then force the gold back to place, and after waiting a minute or two for the setting, go on and finish the filling. It is not necessary in this work to confine oneself to the use of the phosphate of zinc cement. In restoring color to very dark pulpless teeth, and wherever extra whiteness is desired, the oxychloride may be used with advantage, but must not be relied upon for strength like the oxyphosphate. In shading, I get the best general results from the yellow shade of the latter. Pulpless teeth generally have a bluish tinge, and yellow seems to neutralize it very effectually. In regard to the effect of oxyphosphate in deep cavities in teeth with living pulps, it does not seem necessary for me to say much here, since the subject has long been worn threadbare by the profession. However, it must be borne in mind that here is a difference. The cement in use I