have described is sealed away from the fluids of the mouth and does not have the same effect as when being disintegrated by those fluids. It remains a perfectly inert substance so long as moisture is kept from it, and has the same use in the floor of the cavity as the varnish so often recommended for closing the tubuli of the dentine to prevent ingress of moisture from that direction. In such cases it is a very simple matter to touch the bottom of the cavity with liquid gutta percha before using the cement. In cases of exposure where capping is desired, cap according to your custom and then proceed as described. When extirpation is resorted to, I fill root and pulp chamber with gutta percha. CAPPING EXPOSED PULPS.[3] BY A. H. FULLER, M.D., D.D.S., ST. LOUIS, MO. I will, in a brief manner, give something of a history of the practice of capping the exposed pulps of teeth, with a view of rendering the teeth comfortable and useful, and at the same time preserving the vitality of the capped pulp. In the early days of the profession, up to and including the time of Hunter, Fox and Bell, the exposure of the pulp was almost equivalent to the absolute loss of the tooth; not from the fact that dentists were ignorant of the conditions necessary for its retention, but from the want of instruments and appliances with which to perform operations for its preservation. We find them attempting in various ways to overcome the difficulties with which they were surrounded. They attempted to shrink the pulp and render it less sensitive, that they might fill over without wounding or pressing upon it. To accomplish this, astringents and opiates were resorted to; again, acids, alkalies, or the actual cautery were used to destroy it. Any of the above operations were rarely possible, and when possible, still more rarely successful. The extraction and replantation of the aching tooth was resorted to, the pulp removed and the root canals filled in cases where the means at hand would admit. Cleansing the tooth by boiling before replanting, was _suggested_ by Hunter. Following the above methods, the operation of excision had its day, its advocates and its opponents. This consisted in removing the crown and as much of the root and pulp as possible with cutting forceps, adapted to the different teeth. The following from "Waite" would lead us to infer that there were those in his day, as well as at present, who would mount a hobby and attempt to ride into prominence by so doing. In discussing this operation of excision, he says: "At the present period, nothing is aimed at but novelty; nor do many productions succeed that follow the regular line of going on; and while men of science pursue honorable and just means to bring themselves into notice, their reputation is frequently surpassed by cotemporaries, brought forward by some lucky coincidence."