DR. JENNISON:—I do not like to disagree with my friend, Dr. Parr, because he has given us a great many valuable things. I have not had much experience in the use of separators, for the reason that I cannot get my patients to submit to them. The moment I put one on and begin to turn the screw, the patient exclaims: “Take that off; I cannot stand it,” and I am compelled to take it off. Then in the use of the separator, I am always fearful of crushing the enamel, which I think is a very important thing to consider. With regard to separating immediately, it would be very desirable if we could do it under all conditions, or even under some conditions. I would like to see a separator of some sort for immediate use, and I have no doubt Dr. Parr can devise one, having plates not made of metal, and which will do the work of separating teeth without possible injury to the enamel. That, to my mind, is a very important point, and I agree with the essayist of the evening most emphatically that it is best to go slow in this matter. It has been said that teeth are sometimes so situated that you cannot pass anything through between them for the purpose of gaining space. When I find teeth in that condition, I introduce a piece of rubber dam; you can always get that in, and leave it there until the next day, and then I am usually able to put in something else, such as a bit of wood, which I generally use. I take time to separate. After I get space, if the teeth are still sensitive, I fill with gutta-percha and leave it for a few days, and soon the soreness is all gone. DR. J. A. OSMUN:—I think it always best to be perfectly frank with your patients. If you must inflict pain, tell them you are going to do it, and why, but that you will be as careful as you possibly can, and you will find they will stand an immense amount of pain, and be satisfied when you are through. DR. ADDLEBURG:—If you speak to the patients and tell them the operations will be painful, but that by inflicting pain you can serve them better, in most cases they will allow you to apply the separator, and they say it is much preferable to the old way of separating. I have some patients who will not allow me to use it, but most of them prefer the separator. Ladies especially say they prefer it, rather than have something between their teeth, when going into society; they would rather bear the little pain than the annoyance. I have used it for two years. After the teeth are separated I find them to be obtunded to such an extent that there is little pain in excavating and filling.