The land of the Eskimos--Range of the so-called Arctic Highlanders--Danish settlements in Greenland--Upernavik described--Jacobshav’n--Godhav’n--Their Eskimo inhabitants--The Moravian Missions--Characteristics of the nomadic Eskimos--Their physical qualities--Their mode of dress--An Eskimo hut--The Eskimo kayak, or canoe--Their weapons and implements--Hostility between the Eskimos and Red Indians--Eskimo settlement at Anatoak--Eskimo singing--Food of the Eskimos--Dr. Hayes’ intercourse with the Eskimos--The story of Hans the Hunter--The Eskimo dogs--Anecdote of Toodla--The Eskimo sledge--Equipment of the sledge--Equipment of an Eskimo hunter--General character of the Eskimos 175–196 CHAPTER VIII. Lapland, its divisions, extent, and boundaries--Its climate--Its inhabitants--Their physical characteristics--Dress of the Lapps--Their superstitions--The Mountain Lapps--Their migratory habits--Their _tuguria_, or huts, described--Milking the reindeer--Sledging and skating--A Lapp’s skates--A Lapp’s sledge--The Lapp hunters--Encounter with a bear--Intemperance of the Mountain Lapps--The Forest Lapps--Interior economy of a Lapland hut--Lapps at Bjorkholm--Racial characteristics of the Lapps--Habits and manners of the Lapps--The Lapp dialect--The Lapps and the Quénes--The stationary Lapps, and their _gârds_ 197–207 CHAPTER IX. The Samojedes--Their degrading superstitions--Samojede idol at Waigatz--The _Tadebtsios_, or spirits--Influence of the _Tadibe_, or sorcerer--His mode of incantation--Customs of the Samojedes--The Ostiaks--Their _Schaïtans_ and _Schamans_--Residence of the Ostiaks--Hunting the white bear--Kamtschatka described--Its inhabitants--Their physical peculiarities--The dog of Kamtschatka--His qualities--His usefulness--How he is trained--Siberia and its tribes--The Jakuts--Their _jarts_, or huts--Their hardy horses--The character of the Jakuts--Jakut travellers--Jakut merchants and their caravans--Dreariness of the country they inhabit--Hunting the reindeer--At Kolymsk--The Tungusi--His mode of travelling--His food--The Tchuktche, and their land--Their activity as traders--Tobacco, a staple of commerce--Visit to a Tchuktche family--The Tenngyk and the Oukilon 208–221 CHAPTER X.