Produced by Geoff Horton, David King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Epochs of Church History EDITED BY THE RIGHT HON. AND RIGHT REV. MANDELL CREIGHTON, D.D. LATE LORD BISHOP OF LONDON THE ARIAN CONTROVERSY. BY H.M. GWATKIN, M.A. DIXIE PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE _SIXTH IMPRESSION_ LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA 1908 All rights reserved CONTENTS. PAGE LIST OF WORKS ix CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNINGS OF ARIANISM 1 CHAPTER II. THE COUNCIL OF NICAEA 16 CHAPTER III. THE EUSEBIAN REACTION 41 CHAPTER IV. THE COUNCIL OF SARDICA 61 CHAPTER V. THE VICTORY OF ARIANISM 80 CHAPTER VI. THE REIGN OF JULIAN 105 CHAPTER VII. THE RESTORED HOMOEAN SUPREMACY 118 CHAPTER VIII. THE FALL OF ARIANISM 147 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 169 INDEX 173 LIST OF WORKS. The following works will be found useful by students who are willing to pursue the subject further. Some of special interest or importance are marked with an asterisk. (A.) ORIGINAL AUTHORITIES AND TRANSLATIONS. The Church Histories of *Socrates, Sozomen, Theodoret, and (for the Arian side) the fragments of Philostorgius [translations in Bohn's _Ecclesiastical Library_]. *Eusebius, _Vita Constantini_ and _Contra Marcellum Ancyranum_. *Athanasius, especially _De Incarnatione Verbi Dei_, _De Decretis Synodi Nicaenae_, _Orationes contra Arianos_, _De Synodis_, _Ad Antiochenos_, _Ad Afros_. Convenient editions of most of these by Professor Bright of Oxford. [Translations of *_De Incarnatione_ (Bindley in _Christian Classics_ Series) and of the _Orationes_ and most of the historical works, Newman in Oxford _Library of the Fathers_.] Hilary, especially _De Synodis_. Cyril's _Catecheses_ [translation in _Oxford Library of the Fathers_]. Basil, especially _Letters_. Gregory of Nazianzus, especially _Orationes_ iv. and v. (against Julian). Of minor writers, Phoebadius and Sulpicius Severus (for Council of Ariminum). Fragments of Marcellus, collected by Rettberg (Goettingen, 1794). [German translations of most of these in Thalhofer's _Bibliothek der Kirchenvaeter_. English may be hoped for in Schaff's _Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers_ (vol. i. Buffalo, 1886) in 25 vols.] Heathen writers:--Zosimus (bitterly prejudiced); Ammianus Marcellinus for 353-378 (cool and impartial); Julian, especially _Caesares_, _Fragmentum Epistolae_, and _Epp._ 7, 25, 26, 42, 43, 49, 52. (B.) MODERN WRITERS. 1. For general reference:--