In the Wardrobe Expenses of Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby (Camden Soc.), 1393, are found the following entries:-- fol. 32. pro j cofre ... ad imponendum scuta domini. xvij scot. fol. 33. pro j house[100] pro scuto domini ix scot. xij d. fol. 40. pro i breastplate domini purgando ibidem iij li. vij s. The “buckler of steel painted” mentioned above is scheduled as being in “a case of leather.” In an engraving of Charles I by W. Hole, in the British Museum, a box is shown for holding the breast and back plates.[101] FOOTNOTES: [93] Charles ffoulkes, “Italian Armour at Chalcis,” _Archæologia_, LXII. [94] Protect. [95] _Arch. Journ._, LX, 106. [96] Vol. IV, c. 114. This detail is not given either in Johnes’ or Lord Berners’ translation. [97] _Rebellion_, VII, 104. [98] _Archæologia_, LI. [99] _Cromwell’s Army_, Firth, 413. [100] Cover. [101] _Arch. Journ_., LX. THE USE OF FABRICS AND LINEN An important variety of defensive armour, which has not hitherto received the notice which it deserves, is the padded and quilted armour of linen, which was always popular with the foot-soldier on account of its cheapness, and was in the thirteenth century held in high esteem by the wealthier knight. In the case of crushing blows it would of course protect the body from breaking of the skin, but would not be of such use as the more rigid defence of plate. It was, however, very effectual against cutting blows, and had the advantage of being more easily put on and off, and, although hot, was less oppressive than metal in long marches. In miniatures of the fourteenth century we frequently find parts of the armour coloured in such a way as to suggest that it is either not metal or else metal covered with fabric. Where there was no metal and where the wearer depended entirely on the fabric for protection it was heavily quilted and padded, or else several thicknesses of the material were used (Fig. 40). Where metal was used the defence was the ordinary plate armour covered with fabric, or the metal was inserted in small plates as is the case in the brigandine. [Illustration: FIG. 40. Pourpointed cuisses from the brass of Sir John de Argentine, Horseheath, Cambs, 1360.]