It is scarcely necessary to observe, that, if it be a sealed extremity which you desire to pierce, it is necessary to turn the tube between the fingers while in the fire; but if, on the contrary, you desire to pierce a hole in the side of a tube, you should keep the glass in a fixed position, and direct the jet upon a single point. If the side of the tube is thin, you may dispense with blowing. The tube is sealed and allowed to cool; then, accurately closing the open extremity with the finger, or a little wax, you expose to the jet the part which you desire to have pierced. When the glass is sufficiently softened, the air enclosed in the tube being expanded by the heat, and not finding at the softened part a sufficient resistance, bursts through the tube, and thus pierces a hole. You may generally dispense with the sealing of the tube, by closing the ends with wax, or with the fingers. There is still another method of performing this operation, which is very expeditious, and constantly succeeds with objects which have thin sides. You raise to a _reddish white_ heat a little cylinder of glass, of the diameter of the hole that you desire to make, and you instantly apply it to the tube or globe, to which it will strongly adhere. You allow the whole to cool, and then give the auxiliary cylinder a sharp slight knock; the little cylinder drops off, and carries with it the portion of the tube to which it had adhered. On presenting the hole to a slight degree of heat, you remove the sharpness of its edges. When you purpose to pierce a tube laterally, for the purpose of joining to it another tube, it is always best to pierce it by blowing many times, and only a little at a time, and with that view, to soften the glass but moderately. By this means the tube preserves more thickness, and is in a better state to support the subsequent operation of soldering. There are circumstances in which you can pierce tubes by forcibly sucking the air out of them; and this method sometimes presents advantages that can be turned to good account. Finally, the orifices which are produced by cutting off the lateral point of a tube drawn out at the side, may also be reckoned as an operation belonging to this article. 9.--BENDING. If the tube is narrow, and the sides are pretty thick, this operation presents no difficulty. You heat the tube, but not too much, lest it become deformed; a _reddish-brown_ heat is sufficient, for at that temperature it gives way to the slightest effort you make to bend it. You should, as much as possible, avoid making the bend too abrupt. For this purpose, you heat a zone of one or two inches in extent at once, by moving the tube backwards and forwards in the flame, and you take care to bend it very gradually.