The Art of Logical Thinking; Or, The Laws of ReasoningAtkinson, William Walker
Philosophy
The Art of Logical Thinking; Or, The Laws of Reasoning
Atkinson, William Walker
Logic; Reasoning
A _Negative Term_ is a term denoting the absence of a quality, as for
instance: "inhuman, inorganic, unwell, unpleasant, non-conducive," etc.
These terms _deny_ the presence of certain qualities, rather than
_asserting_ the presence of an opposite quality. They are essentially
negative in nature and in form. Jevons says: "We may usually know a
Negative Term by its beginning with one of the little syllables un-,
in-, a-, an-, non-, or by its ending with -less." Hyslop says: "The
usual symbols of Negative Terms are _in_, _un_, _less_, _dis_, _a_, or
_an_, _anti_, _mis_, and sometimes _de_, and _non_ and _not_." Jevons
adds: "If the English language were a perfect one, every term ought to
have a Negative Term exactly corresponding to it, so that all adjectives
and nouns would be in pairs. Just as _convenient_ has its negative
_inconvenient_; metallic, non-metallic; logical, illogical; and so on;
so blue should have its negative, non-blue; literary, non-literary;
paper, non-paper. But many of these Negative Terms would be seldom or
never used, and if we happen to want them, we can make them for the
occasion by putting not-, or non-, before the Positive Term.
Accordingly, we find in the dictionary only those Negative Terms which
are much employed."
The last named authority also says: "Sometimes the same word may seem to
have two or even more distinct negatives. There is much difference
between _undressed_ and _not-dressed_, that is 'not in evening dress.'
Both seem to be negatives of 'dressed,' but this is because the word has
two distinct meanings."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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