The art of music, Vol. 07 (of 14) : $b Pianoforte and chamber music — John Shaqi
The art of music, Vol. 07 (of 14) : $b Pianoforte and chamber music
History
The art of music, Vol. 07 (of 14) : $b Pianoforte and chamber music
Music -- History and criticism; Musicians
Froberger came under the influence of Denis Gaultier and Chambonnières
during the years he spent in Paris, and he adopted their style and
made it his own. He wrote, it is true, several sets of ricercars,
capriccios, canzonas, etc., for organ or harpsichord, and in these
the strict polyphonic style prevails, according to the conventionally
more serious nature of the compositions. But his fame rests upon the
twenty-eight suites and fragments of suites which he wrote expressly
for the harpsichord. These are closely akin to lute music, and from
the point of view of style are quite as effective as the music of
Chambonnières. In harmony they are surprisingly rich. Be it noted, too,
in passing, that they are not lacking in emotional warmth. Here is
perhaps the first harpsichord music which demands beyond the player’s
nimble fingers his quick sympathy and imagination--qualities which
charmed in Froberger’s own playing.
Kuhnau as a stylist is far less interesting than Froberger, upon whose
style, however, his clavier suites are founded. His importance rests
in the attempts he made to adapt the sonata to the clavier, in his
experiments with descriptive music, and in the influence he had upon
his contemporaries and predecessors, notably Bach and Handel. Froberger
is the real founder of pianoforte music in Germany, and beyond him
there is but slight advance either in style or matter until the time of
Sebastian Bach.
What we may now call the harpsichord style, as exemplified in the
suites of Chambonnières and Froberger, is relatively free. Both
composers had a fondness for writing in four parts, but these parts
are not related to each other, nor woven together unbrokenly as in the
polyphonic style of the organ. They cannot often be clearly followed
throughout a given piece. The upper voice carries the music along, the
others accompany. The arrangement is not wholly an inheritance from the
lute, but is in keeping with the general tendency in all music, even
at times in organ music, toward the monodic style, of which the growing
opera daily set the model.
But the harpsichord style of this time is by no means a simple system
of melody and accompaniment. Though the three voice parts which support
the fourth dwell together often in chords, they are not without
considerable independent movement. They constitute the harmonic
background, as it were, which, though serving as background, does not
lack animation and character in itself. In other words, we have a
contrapuntal, not a polyphonic, style.
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