The ‘Viennese period’ and the three great classics--Joseph Haydn; Haydn’s clavier sonatas; the Variations in F minor--W. A. Mozart; Mozart as pianist and improvisator; Mozart’s sonatas; his piano concertos--Ludwig van Beethoven; evolution of the modern pianoforte--Musical qualities of Beethoven’s piano music; Beethoven’s technical demands; his pianoforte sonatas; his piano concertos; conclusion. V. PIANOFORTE MUSIC AT THE TIME OF BEETHOVEN 175 The broadening of technical possibilities and its consequences--Minor disciples of Mozart and Beethoven: J. N. Hummel; J. B. Cramer; John Field; other contemporaries--The pioneers in new forms: Weber and Schubert; technical characteristics of Weber’s style; Weber’s sonatas, etc.; the _Konzertstück_; qualities of Weber’s pianoforte music--Franz Schubert as pianoforte composer; his sonatas; miscellaneous works; the impromptus; the Moments musicals--The Weber-Schubert era and the dawn of the Romantic spirit. PART II. THE ROMANTIC PERIOD OF PIANOFORTE MUSIC VI. MENDELSSOHN, SCHUMANN AND BRAHMS 211 Influence of musical romanticism on pianoforte literature--Mendelssohn’s pianoforte music, its merits and demerits; the ‘Songs without Words’; Prelude and Fugue in D minor; _Variations Sérieuses_; Mendelssohn’s influence, Bennett, Henselt--Robert Schumann, ultra-romanticist and pioneer; peculiarities of his style; miscellaneous series of piano pieces; the ‘cycles’: _Carnaval_, etc.--The _Papillons_, _Davidsbündler_, and _Faschingsschwank_; the Symphonic Études; _Kreisleriana_, etc., the Sonatas, Fantasy and Concerto--Johannes Brahms; qualities of his piano music; his style; piano sonatas, ‘Paganini Variations,’ ‘Handel Variations,’ Capriccios, Rhapsodies, Intermezzi; the Concertos; conclusion. VII. CHOPIN 250 Chopin’s music and its relative value in musical value; racial and personal characteristics; influences and preferences; Chopin’s playing--His instinct for form; the form of his sonatas and concertos; the _Polonaise-Fantaisie_; the Preludes--Chopin as a harmonist; Chopin’s style analyzed: accompaniment figures, inner melodies, polyphonic suggestions, passages, melodies and ornaments--His works in general: salon music; waltzes; nocturnes; mazurkas; polonaises; conclusion. VIII. HERZ, THALBERG, AND LISZT 284