6. _Shih Chi_, ch. 25. 7. The appellation of Hu Yen, mentioned in ch. 39 under the year 637. 8. Wang-tzu Ch’eng-fu, ch. 32, year 607. 9. The mistake is natural enough. Native critics refer to a work of the Han dynasty, which says: "Ten _li_ outside the _Wu_ gate [of the city of Wu, now Soochow in Kiangsu] there is a great mound, raised to commemorate the entertainment of Sun Wu of Ch’i, who excelled in the art of war, by the King of Wu." 10. "They attached strings to wood to make bows, and sharpened wood to make arrows. The use of bows and arrows is to keep the Empire in awe." 11. The son and successor of Ho Lu. He was finally defeated and overthrown by Kou chien, King of Yüeh, in 473 B.C. See post. 12. King Yen of Hsu, a fabulous being, of whom Sun Hsing-yen says in his preface: "His humanity brought him to destruction." 13. The passage I have put in brackets is omitted in the _T’u Shu_, and may be an interpolation. It was known, however to Chang Shou-chieh of the T’ang dynasty, and appears in the _T’ai P’ing Yu Lan_. 14. Ts’ao Kung seems to be thinking of the first part of chap. II, perhaps especially of § 8. 15. See chap. XI. 16. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that _Wu Tzŭ_, which is not in 6 chapters, has 48 assigned to it in the _Han Chih_. Likewise, the _Chung Yung_ is credited with 49 chapters, though now only in one only. In the case of very short works, one is tempted to think that _p’ien_ might simply mean "leaves." 17. Yeh Shih of the Sung dynasty [1151-1223]. 18. He hardly deserves to be bracketed with assassins. 19. See Chapter 7, § 27 and Chapter 11, § 28. 20. See Chapter 11, § 28. Chuan Chu is the abbreviated form of his name. 21. I.e. Po P’ei. See ante. 22. The nucleus of this work is probably genuine, though large additions have been made by later hands. Kuan chung died in 645 B.C. 23. See infra, beginning of INTRODUCTION. 24. I do not know what this work, unless it be the last chapter of another work. Why that chapter should be singled out, however, is not clear. 25. About 480 B.C. 26. That is, I suppose, the age of Wu Wang and Chou Kung. 27. In the 3rd century B.C. 28. Ssu-ma Jang-chu, whose family name was T’ien, lived in the latter half of the 6th century B.C., and is also believed to have written a work on war. See _Shih Chi_, ch. 64, and infra at the beginning of the INTRODUCTION. 29. See Legge’s Classics, vol. V, Prolegomena p. 27. Legge thinks that the _Tso Chuan_ must have been written in the 5th century, but not before 424 B.C. 30. See _Mencius_ III. 1. iii. 13-20. 31. When Wu first appears in the _Ch’un Ch’iu_ in 584, it is already at variance with its powerful neighbour. The _Ch’un Ch’iu_ first mentions Yüeh in 537, the _Tso Chuan_ in 601. 32. This is explicitly stated in the _Tso Chuan_, XXXII, 2. 33. There is this to be said for the later period, that the feud would tend to grow more bitter after each encounter, and thus more fully justify the language used in XI. § 30.