The atom and the Bohr theory of its structure : $b an elementary presentationHolst, Helge
Science
The atom and the Bohr theory of its structure : $b an elementary presentation
Holst, Helge
Atomic theory
Even if this were the case, it does not follow that a comprehensive
description in time and space of the physical processes is impossible
in principle; but the hope of attaining such a description must perhaps
be allied to the representation of “physical individuals” or material
particles of an even lower order of magnitude than the smallest
particles now known—electrons and hydrogen nuclei—and to ideas of
more fundamental nature than those now known; we are here outside our
present sphere of experience.
From all the above remarks it would be very easy to get the impression
that the Bohr theory, while it gives us a glimpse into depths
previously unsuspected, at the same time leads us into a fog, where it
is impossible to find the way. This is very far from being the case. On
the contrary, it has thrown new light on a host of physical phenomena
of different kinds so that they now appear in a coherence previously
unattainable. That this light is not deceptive follows from the fact
that the theory, which has been gradually developed by Bohr and many
other investigators, has made it possible to predict and to account
for many phenomena with remarkable accuracy and in complete agreement
with experimental observation. The fundamental concepts are, on the
one hand, the stationary states, where the usual laws of mechanics can
be applied (although only within certain limits), and, on the other,
the “quantum rule” for transitions between the states. But at the very
beginning it has been necessary in many respects to grope in the dark,
guided in part by the experimental results and in part by various
assumptions, often very arbitrary.
For Bohr himself, a most important guide has been the so-called
_correspondence principle_, which expresses the previously
mentioned connection with the classical electrodynamics. It is
difficult to explain in what it consists, because it cannot be
expressed in exact quantitative laws, and it is, on this account,
also difficult to apply. In Bohr’s hands it has been extraordinarily
fruitful in the most varied fields; while other more definite and more
easily applicable rules of guidance have indeed given important results
in individual cases, they have shown their limitations by failing
in other cases. We can here merely indicate what the correspondence
principle is.
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