The Attic theatre : $b a description of the stage and theatre of the Athenians, and of the dramatic performances at AthensHaigh, A. E. (Arthur Elam)
History
The Attic theatre : $b a description of the stage and theatre of the Athenians, and of the dramatic performances at Athens
Haigh, A. E. (Arthur Elam)
Athens (Greece) -- Intellectual life; Greek drama -- History and criticism; Theater -- Greece -- Athens -- History -- To 500
The New Comedy was of much longer duration than the Old Comedy, and
was much more widely spread. It continued to flourish at Athens itself
as late as the imperial epoch, and was transferred to Rome in the
translations of Plautus and Terence and the other comic writers. There is
no lack of information as to the costumes generally in use.[778] In the
first place all the actors wore masks, just as in the other branches of
the Greek drama. As far as abstract fitness goes, the masks might well
have been dispensed with. As the New Comedy was essentially a comedy of
manners and everyday life, and its chief excellence lay in the accurate
delineation of ordinary human character, it is probable that a style
of representation after the fashion of the modern stage would have
been much more appropriate to it. In a theatre of moderate size, with
actors untrammelled by the use of masks, all the finer shades in the
character-painting might have been exhibited clearly to the spectators.
But in ancient times such a thing was impossible. To the Greek mind the
use of masks was inseparably associated with the stage; and the Greeks
were in such matters extremely tenacious of ancient custom. It is also
very questionable whether in their enormous theatres masks could possibly
have been dispensed with. At any rate they were invariably retained in
the New Comedy. But it is a strange thing that, although in all other
respects the New Comedy was a faithful representation of ordinary life
and manners, the masks employed should have been of the most ludicrous
and grotesque character. The fact is expressly stated by Platonius, and
is borne out by the evidence of numerous works of art.[779] There was
a total disregard for realism and fidelity to nature. The exaggerated
eyebrows and distorted mouths gave an utterly unnatural expression to the
features. Such masks were perfectly in keeping with the tone of the Old
Comedy, in which parody and caricature predominated. But it is strange
that they should have been adopted in the New Comedy, which otherwise
was praised for holding the mirror up to nature. The reason probably lay
in the size of the theatres. The excellence and humour of a finely-drawn
mask would have been lost upon an audience seated at a great distance
from the stage. Of course the statement of Platonius has to be taken with
some qualification. The masks were not invariably distorted. Some of the
young men and women were depicted with handsome, though strongly-marked,
features, as in tragedy. But the comic characters always wore masks of
the grotesque kind just referred to. Copies of four comic masks (Figs. 25
and 26) are given on the next page.[780]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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