======+=======+=======+=======+=======+=======+======+======+======+==== |Meters |Meters |Meters |Meters |Meters |Meters|Meters|Meters| | per | per | per | per | per | per | per | per | Meters|second |second |second |second |second |second|second|second|Mean |5 p.m. |5 p.m. |10 a.m.|10 a.m.|10 a.m.|5 p.m.|4 p.m.|5 p.m.| |July 24|July 27|July 31|Aug. 1 |Aug. 2 |Aug. 3|Aug. 7|Aug. 8| ------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+---- 1,000 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 2.3 | 5.8 | 7.1 | 1.9 | 4.1 1,500 | 6.2 | 0.8 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 1.5 | 4.7 2,000 | 8.0 | 1.2 | 5.8 | 7.0 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.4 2,500 | 10.0 | 1.8 | 10.8 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 5.8 3,000 | 12.0 | 2.3 | 9.4 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 6.2 3,500 | 12.8 | 2.5 | 8.0 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 6.6 4,000 | 13.6 | 3.8 | 11.2 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 3.2 | 7.5 4,500 | 14.3 | 5.2 | 14.6 | 8.5 | 11.2 | 1.8 | 7.8 | 3.0 | 8.3 5,000 | 21.2 | 6.2 | 12.8 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 2.3 | | 3.4 | 9.5 ------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+------+------+---- _Charts Showing Upper-air Weather Conditions._--It is believed that the following charts when examined in connection with the accompanying explanation in the text will give the reader something of an outline as to the conditions existing in the upper regions of the atmosphere. [Illustration: CHART NO. 1 _Horizontal Projections of the Paths of the Sounding Balloons Liberated at Avalon, California, July 23 to August 10, 1913_ Reproduced from the _Monthly Weather Review_, 42: 423 This figure shows the horizontal projections as far as the balloon was observed, not the entire distance traveled until it landed.] [Illustration: CHART NO. 2 _Vertical Temperature Gradient, Avalon, California, July 27, 1913_ Solid line represents the ascent of the recording apparatus, the dotted line the descent. (Verticals 25° C. or 45° F.) Reproduced from the _Monthly Weather Review_, 42: 412] [Illustration: CHART NO. 3 _Mean Vertical Temperature Gradient_ Figure reproduced from _Monthly Weather Review_, 42: 413. Altitude values are in kilometers at the left, and in miles at the right: Temperature values are in Centigrade at bottom, in Fahrenheit at top. Maximum airplane altitude 26,242 feet or 5 miles.] [Illustration: CHART NO. 4 _Diagram Showing Increase of Wind with Elevation Data from Eight Meteorographs_