Yet again it should be noted that the picture of an ox’s head is itself an object as truly as the head itself. The two kinds of objects might be called real or original objects and image objects but for short “objects” (originals) and “images” serve well enough. Again it should be remembered that an object is not a real object because it is in three dimensions or pictures necessarily drawings or paintings. A petroglyph is as suitable for “picture” writing as a painting (indeed most hieroglyphics are sculptured not drawn or painted). On the other hand a petroglyph is no more an “object” than a painting or drawing is. With these distinctions in mind the following table of the kinds of symbols used in ancient records will make clear the kinds of primitive libraries. (A) Objects (1) Pictorial (2) Conventional (Mnemonic) (a) Ideographic (eye images) (b) Phonetic (ear images) (aa) verbal (bb) syllabic (cc) (consonantal) (dd) alphabetic (B) Images (1) Pictorial (2) Conventional (Mnemonic) (a) Ideographic (b) Phonetic (aa) verbal (bb) syllabic (cc) (consonantal) (dd) alphabetic For each of these kinds of “written” records there is a corresponding kind of library or record collection. The question of the order of evolution among these various kinds of record collections is closely bound up with that of the evolution of language and handwriting, the very invention of handwriting probably implying a feeling of need for kept records. The commonly recognized ways of human utterance are gesture and oral speech—the one appealing to the eye, the other to the ear, and each leaving its record probably at different points and in different molecular form in the brain. Hand gesture came in course of time to be the highest type of gesture language, evolving as it did into a highly complex and adaptable type of language, and modern hand writing is simply a form of hand gesture which, by means of ink or lead or chisel, or some other material or instrument, leaves a trail of the hand movement in permanent record.