The Behavior of the Honey Bee in Pollen CollectingCasteel, Dana Brackenridge
Science
The Behavior of the Honey Bee in Pollen Collecting
Casteel, Dana Brackenridge
Honeybee -- Behavior; Pollen
If the pollen which bees transport to their hives has been moistened
with some fluid substance which causes the grains to cohere, this
addition should be indicated by differences in the results of an
analysis of pollen from a plant as compared with that found in the
corbiculæ of a bee which has been working on this plant. For the sake
of determining this difference and in an endeavor to ascertain, if
possible, the approximate nature of the added fluid, analyses were
made of three kinds of pollen, as follows: (1) Pollen collected by
hand from the corn plant itself; (2) pollen taken from the corbiculæ
of bees which had secured their supply from corn; (3) pollen stored in
the cells of the hive. In the first two cases pollen from the same
species of plant (corn) was used. The material from the cells of the
hive was composed largely of corn pollen, but contained an admixture
of some other pollens.
The writer is indebted to Dr. P. B. Dunbar, of the Bureau of
Chemistry, for the following analyses:
Pollen Corn pollen Stored
direct from pollen
from corbicula. from
corn. hive.
-----------------------------------------------------
Total solids 53.47 66.94 79.66
Moisture 46.53 33.06 20.34
Reducing sugar
before inversion 2.87 11.07 17.90
Sucrose 2.77 3.06 2.25
Total reducing sugar
after inversion 5.79 14.29 20.27
===== ===== =====
Dry basis:
Reducing sugar 5.37 16.54 22.47
Sucrose 5.18 4.57 2.82
----- ----- -----
10.55 21.11 ·····
These analyses show conclusively that a very large amount of sugar has
been added to the pollen by the time it reaches the corbiculæ.
Calculated on a dry basis just about twice as much sugar is present in
the basket pollen as in that from the corn plant. Not only is this so,
but the additional fact is disclosed that over three times as much
reducing sugar is present in the corbicular pollen as sucrose. This
latter result indicates that honey (largely a reducing sugar) rather
than nectar (containing more sucrose) is the chief sugar ingredient of
the corbicular pollen. The additional amount of sugar (here again a
reducing sugar) in the stored pollen of the hive is what might be
expected, since it is supposed that the workers add honey and possibly
other ingredients to the pollen within the storage cells.
The total solid percentages, corn 53.47, corbicula 66.94, stored
pollen 79.66, also show that the fluid substance which is added is one
highly charged with solids, a condition which honey amply fulfills.
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