The Behavior of the Honey Bee in Pollen CollectingCasteel, Dana Brackenridge
Science
The Behavior of the Honey Bee in Pollen Collecting
Casteel, Dana Brackenridge
Honeybee -- Behavior; Pollen
In the descriptions which have been cited of the pollen-gathering
process in which the mouth is supposed to supply the requisite fluid
three substances are mentioned: Nectar, honey, and saliva. The
analyses herein given indicate that reducing sugar is mingled with the
pollen, and in the case of corn it is indicated that honey is used in
greater abundance. Without doubt a certain amount of saliva also finds
its way to the pollen, but the proportion of this substance has not
been determined. This salivary fluid may have adhesive qualities, but
this is scarcely necessary, since honey alone is amply sufficient for
this purpose.
It appears probable that the fluid which a bee adds to the pollen
which it is collecting varies somewhat in amount, since the pollen of
different plants differs considerably in moisture content and that of
the same plant will differ in this respect at different times. Pollen
collected in the early morning before the dew has left the plant is
much more moist than that found upon the same plant later in the day,
and the grains, if taken when moist, have a natural tendency to become
aggregated and form small masses. Moreover, this may explain the fact
that bees make their pollen-collecting trips during the morning hours,
rather than in the afternoon, although some may be seen upon the
flowers throughout the whole day.
STORING POLLEN IN THE HIVE.
When the bee has fully loaded its baskets and before it returns to the
hive it often spends a little time upon the plant from which it has
been collecting, occupied with the task of cleaning scattered grains
of pollen from its body and of patting down securely the loads which
it has obtained. Upon its return to the hive it hurries within and
seeks for a suitable place in which to deposit the pollen. Some
returning bees walk leisurely over the combs and loiter among their
sister workers, while others appear to be greatly agitated, shaking
their bodies and moving their wings as though highly excited. Many
pollen-bearing bees appear eager to receive food upon their return to
the hive, and they will solicit it from other workers or take it from
the honey-storage cells. The workers of the hive at times take a
little of the fresh pollen from the baskets of the laden bee, nibbling
it off with their mandibles or rasping off grains with their tongues.
If the combs of a colony are examined, stored pollen will be found in
various parts of the hive. In the brood frames the greatest amount is
located above and at the sides of the brood and between this and the
stored honey. Cells scattered through the brood from which young bees
have lately emerged may also contain pollen. In the outer frames of
the hive, where brood is less likely to be found, nearly all of the
cells may be packed with pollen, or honey-storage cells may be found
interspersed with those filled with pollen. As a rule pollen is not
stored in drone comb, although this occasionally happens.
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