Child development; Infant psychology; Motor ability in children
Now suppose the aimless impulse straying to the baby’s eye muscles,
making the eyes roam hither and yon; but as they reach a certain
position, they fall upon a lighted surface, and a pleasant brightness
flows back into the consciousness; and something stirs within that has
power to send an intenser current through those same fibres. For the
time, at least, that channel is deepened, the wandering impulses are
drained into it, and the eye muscles are held steady in that position.
And, in fact, with the beginning of staring the irregular movements of
head and eyes did decline, and gradually disappear.
It is an important moment that marks the beginning of even a passive
power to control the movements; and when my grandmother handed down the
rule that you should never needlessly interrupt a baby’s staring, lest
you hinder the development of power of attention, she seems to have
been psychologically sound.
A fuller and pleasanter life now seemed to pervade the whole little
body. The grimaces of vague discomfort were disappearing, and the baby
began to wear a look of satisfaction as she lay, warm and fed and dry,
gazing at some light surface. In the bath, where the release from
clothes and the stimulus to circulation from the warm water heightened
the pleasant condition of general sensation, her expression approached
real delight; the movements of her limbs were freer, and all her
muscles tenser.
The neck muscles, especially, were so far “innervated”--that is,
supplied with nervous energy--as fairly to lift her head from the
supporting hand. This was probably not as yet a real effort to hold
up the head, only a drafting of surplus energy into the neck muscles,
partly because of inherited aptitude, partly because the pleasure
received from the lifted head and better seeing tended to draw the
energy thither, just as it was drawn to the eye muscles in the case
of the staring. At least one careful observer, Mrs. Edith Elmer Wood,
records this action of the neck muscles on the first day.
It was at this period that the baby first smiled; but being forewarned
of the “colic smile,” which counterfeits so exactly the earliest
true smiles,--fleeting as these are, just touching the mouth and
vanishing,--I never felt sure whether the baby was smiling for general
contentment with life, or whether a passing twinge had crossed her
comfort and drawn her lips into the semblance of a smile; and so never
dared to record the expression till it first occurred for unmistakable
pleasure.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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