Child development; Infant psychology; Motor ability in children
However, in the few cases when the baby did manage, by some advantage
of position, or by holding to our fingers, to lift herself, she could
not balance in the least, and toppled over at once. What with this
discouragement, and restraint from her elders, who thought her back by
no means strong enough yet for sitting alone, she soon after gave up
the effort to raise herself, and waited till she was older.
It was in this same eventful thirteenth week that the baby first looked
about, searching for something that was out of sight. A lively young
girl with bright color and a charming pair of dangling eye-glasses was
visiting us, and stood by, laughing and prattling to the baby while
she was bathed. The little one, greatly interested, turned her head,
smiling and crowing, to watch Miss Charmian’s movements, and to look
for her when she was out of sight. In this, as in the definite efforts
to feel the rattle tip in her mouth, and to renew the sensations
of sitting up, we see action guided by an idea of that which is
absent, that is by imagination, to a certain extent at least; though
it is probable that there was still as much of the mere working of
association as of definite ideas. The memory that the baby showed when
she looked about, searching for an expected sight, instead of simply
turning to an accustomed place, is clearly more than mere habit memory.
Yet it was still not true memory: it was not an idea coming back to
the mind after an interval, but only a sort of after-shine of the
thing, held in the mind for a few moments after the thing itself had
disappeared.
And now to come back to the sight-motor series: Did the baby still see
objects only as blurs of light and shade? She had the full mechanism of
her eyes in working order as soon as accommodation was acquired; but it
is certain that it takes much practice to learn to use that mechanism.
It is an old story that people born blind, receiving their sight by
surgical operations, have to _learn_ to see. Professor Preyer quotes
from Dr. Home the case of a twelve year old boy who, nearly a month
after the operation, could not tell whether a square card had corners
or not by looking at it; and of another seven year old boy who had to
learn to recognize triangles and squares (which he knew well by touch)
by running his eye along the edges and counting the corners. It must
have taken immense practice for us all to learn to flash the eye so
quickly over and about an object that we seem to take in its shape with
one look. This was the task that lay before the baby now.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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