Child development; Infant psychology; Motor ability in children
The baby had finished her first quarter year. A few days before, as we
have seen, she had looked for a person out of sight; and now, just at
the end of the third month, she showed that she could bring together
the testimony of sight and hearing, by turning to look in the direction
of a sound.
Here seems evidence that by this time (whether she had done so before
or not) she “externalized” her impressions more or less: that is, when
waves of sound struck on her tympanum, or of light on her retina, she
did not simply _feel_ the resulting sensation, but threw it back,
so to speak, along the line of the wave, and seemed to herself to
perceive something outside there, away from her. For when she looked
around, seeking what she did not yet see, expecting sight sensations
and hearing sensations to come from the same source, it is impossible
to think she did not have a feeling of something really there, outside
herself.
Step by step with the sense of outsideness there must have come a sense
of insideness, of self, for the two are only opposite sides of one
feeling--that is, the feeling of _difference_ between oneself and the
outer world. We must not suppose that before the baby externalized her
impressions she felt everything as happening inside her: she must have
just felt things, with no inside or outside about it.
This may seem impossible, but really the sense of insideness and
outsideness is not hard to upset, even at our time of life. Dizziness
or mental shock will do it. Sometimes on waking from deep sleep we find
our sense of a separate bodily self gone, and gather it slowly back. We
may almost lose ourselves by lying idly, without thought or care, in
some great, continuous sound, like the roar of a cataract, till we do
not know which is ourself and which is the outward sound. Mystics and
ecstatics have made an art of changing the bodily feelings by fasting
and other means, till the usual marks of difference among impressions,
by which we externalize some and refer others to our own bodies, are
lost; and with them the sense of being in the body, surrounded by an
outer world.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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