(_a_) The cylinder seals found in Egypt all belong to the “Jamdat Nasr” style and do not include any of the earlier style, known from seal impressions found in Archaic Layer IV at Erech. Likewise absent are examples of the brocade style which succeeds the Jamdat Nasr style in Early Dynastic I. Thus the upper and lower limits of the period during which contact took place are defined. (_b_) The small bricks used in recessing at Naqada and Saqqara (Fig. 46) are predominant in the later part of the Protoliterate period in Mesopotamia. In the earlier part larger bricks are commonly used; in the subsequent Early Dynastic period the bricks are plano-convex. (_c_) During the Protoliterate period Mesopotamian buildings were decorated all around with elaborate recesses (Figs. 45, 48); and this is the decoration found in the earliest monumental buildings in Egypt, the tombs at Naqada, Abydos, Saqqara, etc. In Early Dynastic Mesopotamia simplified recessing all around became the style; and the multiple recessing was reserved for towers flanking temple entrances (Fig. 19). These towers are introduced in Mesopotamia in the later half of the Protoliterate period as a seal impression shows (Fig. 42 right). The abbreviated renderings of recessed buildings in Egypt show both flat buildings and buildings with towers (Fig. 42, left; 43, 44), a combination which corresponds neither with the earlier part of the Protoliterate period nor with the Early Dynastic period in Mesopotamia but only with the later part of the Protoliterate period. Again, the upper and lower limits of the period of contact are defined. [193]This object is depicted in Capart, _op. cit_., 100, Fig. 70, and Scharff, _Die Altertümer der Vor- und Frühzeit Aegyptens_, II, Plate 22, No. 108. [194]There are no parallels in Egypt in historical times for the ships with vertical prow and stern, while the Mesopotamian _belem_—represented in silver, _e.g._ in the Royal Tombs at Ur—assumes that shape. See Woolley, _The Royal Cemetery_, Plate 169, and, for older literature, Frankfort, _Studies in Early Pottery of the Near East_, I, 138 ff. [195]Petrie, _Koptos_ (London, 1896), Plates III, IV, V 4; Capart, _loc. cit._, 223, Fig. 166. INDEX