mother-goddess (_ibid._, Plate V_c_) 16. Impression of a cylinder seal of the Protoliterate period showing frieze of monsters (_ibid._, Plate V_h_) 17-18. Front and back of the stone figure of a ram in the Babylonian Collection, Yale University (Courtesy of Yale University Art Gallery), length 21.8 cm., height 15.8 cm. 19. Early Dynastic temple at Khafajah (P. Delougaz, _The Temple Oval at Khafajah_ [Chicago, 1940], Frontispiece) 20. Copper model of primitive chariot, from Tell Agrab (Courtesy, Oriental Institute, University of Chicago), height 7.2 cm. 21. Alabaster figure of the Early Dynastic period, from Khafajah (Frankfort, _More Sculpture from the Diyala Region_ [Chicago, 1943], Frontispiece), height 7.2 cm. 22. Head of an Akkadian ruler, from Nineveh (Courtesy of Department of Antiquities, Baghdad) 23-24. The Gebel el Arak knife-handle (Louvre: _Journal of Egyptian Archaeology_, V [1919], Plate XXXII) 25. The Hunters’ palette (British Museum and Louvre; Capart, _Primitive Art in Egypt_, 231, Fig. 170) 26. Macehead of king “Scorpion” (Courtesy of Ashmolean Museum, Oxford) 27-28. Palette of King Narmer (Cairo Museum; photographs of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) 29. Harvesting scenes, from the tomb of Ti, Old Kingdom, about 2400 B.C. (Wreszinski, _Atlas zur Altaegyptischen Kulturgeschichte_, III, Plate 49) 30. Agricultural scenes, from the tomb of Menna, New Kingdom, about 1400 B.C. (Wreszinski, _Atlas zur Altaegyptischen Kulturgeschichte_, I, Plate 231) 31. Plan of workmen’s village at Tell el Amarna, about 1360 B.C. (Peet and Woolley, _The City of Akhenaten_, I, Plate 16) 32. Impression of a Mesopotamian cylinder seal, from Egypt (Berlin; Scharff, _Altertümer der Vor- und Frühzeit Aegyptens_, 1929, Plate 25, No. 135) 33-34. Impressions of two cylinder seals of the second half of the Protoliterate period, from Khafajah (Courtesy of Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) 35. Wooden cylinder seal of the First Dynasty, from Abydos (Berlin; Scharff, _op. cit._, Plate 27, No. 48) 36. Impression of Fig. 35 37. Cylindrical funerary amulet (Berlin; Scharff, _op. cit._, Plate 26, No. 145) 38. Impression of Fig. 37, showing long-haired man seated at offering table 39. Cylindrical funerary amulet showing seated man (Berlin; Scharff, _op. cit._, Plate 26, No. 146) 40-41. Flint knife with gold-foil handle, from Gebel et Tarif (Cairo; J. E. Quibell, _Archaic Objects_ [Cairo, 1905], p. 237) 42. Two buildings, with recesses and towers, of the First Dynasty in Egypt, and a seal impression of the second half of the Protoliterate period, from Khafajah (_American Journal of