“‘Young MacDowell, who had many railroad concessions in Turkey which dovetailed into the Chester concessions, was in Heck’s Constantinople office. Heck knows Turkey well. I will be willing to defend the thesis that the entire course of events, which made the Lausanne Treaty possible, was determined by the ambitions of the commercial oil interests, and that, in this race for Turkish favors, the Americans led the way.’” Mr. Harlow quotes many editorials and articles in the American and British press, the general tenor of which can be gleaned from one or two examples: “Lausanne was all that an International Conference ought not to be. It was the sacrifice of all human and humanitarian questions to expediency.” _New York Journal of Commerce_, July, 1923. “Mosul and freedom to give us a chance in the scramble for oil has been the object of all the negotiations, but the United States might be better occupied to-day than looking after the interests of oil kings. Peace and civilization may be talked about in public, but in private there is talk of oil, because territories where the future concessionaires will be at pains to insure their rights, are at stake.” _New York Times._ “Although America would accept no humane responsibility in the Near East, saying that it must be free from troubles and depravities of the Old World, America’s blood boils over the burning question of oil. When the word ‘oil’ is mentioned, the recluse bursts from its retirement upon the instant. America has no concern with Asia Minor while the Turk butchers his Christian subjects by the hundreds of thousands.” _Pall Mall Gazette._ CHAPTER XXXIII MOHAMMEDANISM AND CHRISTIANITY It is difficult for Americans, living in this Christian country, to understand the position of a missionary who goes into a Mohammedan community with the intention of converting its members.