Freya and Odin especially had had power over the souls of the dead. When Christianity turned all the old gods into spirits of evil, these two were accused especially of possessing unlawful learning, as having knowledge of the hidden matters of death. This unlawful wisdom is the first accusation that has always been brought against witches. A mirror is often used to contain it. Such are the crystals of the astrologers, and the looking-glasses which on Hallowe'en materialize wishes. From that time in the Middle Ages when witches were first heard of, it has nearly always been women who were accused. Women for the most part were the priests in the old days: it was a woman to whom Apollo at Delphi breathed his oracles. In all times it has been women who plucked herbs and concocted drinks of healing and refreshment. So it was very easy to imagine that they experimented with poisons and herbs of magic power under the guidance of the now evil gods. If they were so directed, they must go on occasions to consult with their masters. The idea arose of a witches' Sabbath, when women were enabled by evil means to fly away, and adore in secret the gods from whom the rest of the world had turned. There were such meeting-places all over Europe. They had been places of sacrifice, of judgment, or of wells and springs considered holy under the old religion, and whither the gods had now been banished. The most famous was the Blocksberg in the Hartz mountains in Germany. "Dame Baubo first, to lead the crew! A tough old sow and the mother thereon, Then follow the witches, every one." GOETHE: _Faust._ (Taylor _trans._) In Norway the mountains above Bergen were a resort, and the Dovrefeld, once the home of the trolls. "It's easy to slip in here, But outward the Dovre-King's gate opens not." IBSEN: _Peer Gynt._ (Archer _trans._) In Italy the witches met under a walnut tree near Benevento; in France, in Puy de Dome; in Spain, near Seville. In these night-ridings Odin was the leader of a wild hunt. In stormy, blustering autumn weather "The wonted roar was up among the woods." MILTON: _Comus._ Odin rode in pursuit of shadowy deer with the Furious Host behind him. A ghostly huntsman of a later age was Dietrich von Bern, doomed to hunt till the Judgment Day.