12. Stand with his arms and legs extended, so as to form the letter X. SECOND COURSE. Let the pupil:-- 13. Lie down on his back, and raise his body from an horizontal to a vertical position, without any assistance from the hands or elbows. 14. Draw up the legs close to the posterior part of the thighs, and rise without other assistance. [Illustration] 15. Extend himself on his back again, and walk backwards with the palms of his hands and his feet. 16. Sustain the weight of the whole body upon the palms and the toes, the face being towards the ground. [Illustration] 17. Lie on his back, and take hold of each foot in his hands, and throw himself on his face by rolling over. 18. Lie with the face down, and take hold of his toes while in that position. [Illustration] 19. With his chest downwards, drag his body along by walking only with his hands. 20. Place himself on his back, and endeavour to advance by means of the propulsion of the feet. 21. Place his body on his hands and feet, with the breast upwards, and endeavour to bring the lips to the ground. 22. Lean on the breast and palms of the hands, and throw the legs over towards the back of the head. 23. Stretch himself on the back, and extending the hands beyond the head, at the utmost stretch, touch the ground, and, if possible, bring up a piece of money, previously to be placed there. 24. In the same manner, endeavour to seize a ball by the toes at full length. WALKING. These preliminary exercises having been practised, the young pupil will commence a course of more advanced exercises, such as walking, running, leaping, balancing, vaulting, and climbing. Walking is common to all, but few persons have a good walk, and nothing exhibits the person to so much disadvantage as a slovenly bad gait. It is true, that the walk of a person will indicate much of his character. Nervous people walk hurriedly, sometimes quick, sometimes slow, with a tripping and sometimes a running step; phlegmatic people have a heavy, solid, and loitering step; the sanguine man walks rapidly, treads somewhat briskly and firmly; while the melancholic wanders, and seems almost unconscious of touching the ground which he seems to slide over. But the qualities of the mind itself manifest themselves in the gait. The man of high moral principle and virtuous integrity, walks with a very different step to the low sensualist, or the cunning and unprincipled knave; therefore the young pupil will be sure that even the art of walking, which seems to be an exertion purely physical, will not be acquired properly if his mind has taken a vicious and unprincipled bias: it will either indicate his pride or his dastardly humility, his haughty self-sufficiency, or his mean truckling to the opinion of others, his honest independence, or his cringing servility. But he who has been blessed with the full use of his muscular powers, in proportion as he is virtuous, will, with a very