Indian Ocean defined, 6. Instruments for navigation, 52, 57, 73. Irish moss, 255. Irish sea-wanderers, 44. Ironclads, early, 136. Jean Bart, the privateer, 182. _Jeannette_, voyage of the, 94. Kane, Dr. E. K., Arctic exploration by, 86. _Kearsarge_ and _Alabama_, 136. _Kearsarge_ wrecked, 201. Kelp and kelp-ash, 253, 256. Kidd, Captain, the pirate, 178. Krakatoa, explosion of, 203. Kuroshiwo (Japan current), 22, 24. Lafitte, the pirate, 189. La Plata, Rio, first entered, 69. Lateen rigs, 32, 34. Lead keels, 194. Lee-board, explained, 179. Leif Erikson’s voyage, 47. Lepanto, victory of, 111. Letters of marque, 180. Life-saving service, the United States, 227. Lighthouses, arrangements for lighting, 216. Lighthouses, history of, 211, 212, 213, 254. Light-ships, American, 216. Line-of-battle ships, 121, 134. Live stock carried on long voyages, 163. Lockwood reaches “highest north,” 98. Lug-sails explained, 133. McClure, Arctic exploration by, 84, 87. Maelstrom, the, 19. Magellan circumnavigates the world, 69. Magnetic pole determined, 82. Maps, early, 50, 53, 54, 62. Masts, names of, 36. Medieval ships, 33. Mediterranean Sea, defined, 9. Melville’s search for _Jeannette_ survivors, 95. Mercator, the map-maker, 72. MERCHANTS OF THE SEA, THE, 155-170. Mines, submarine, 148. Minot’s Ledge lighthouse, 214. Mollusks, utility of, 269. _Monitor_, the, 139, 141. Morgan, the pirate, 178. Mother-of-pearl, 269. Murex-shells, 274. Myths as to Atlantic islands, 65. Nansen, Arctic work of, 99. Napoleon’s sea-campaigns, 122. Naval warfare, beginning of, 107. Naval warfare, medieval, 110. Naval warfare, theory of, 118. Navigation, prehistoric, 39. Navigation, instruments for, 52, 57, 73. Navy, Byzantine, 110. Navy, French, 122. Navy, Greek, 107. Navy, English, 113, 119, 129, 183. Navy, Roman, 148, 156. Nearchus, voyage of, 43. Nelson, Admiral Horatio, 122-128. Nelson’s famous signal, 126, 127. Newfoundland, discovery of, 44, 65, 68. Night-signals at sea, 205, 206. Nile, battle of the, 124. Nordenskjöld’s voyage in the _Vega_, 93. Norsemen. See SCANDINAVIANS and VIKINGS. North America discovered, 46, 62, 65. North Atlantic, exploration of, 78, 80, 91, 99. Northeast Passage, search for, 77, 91, 93. Northwest Passage, search for, 77, 81, 84, 87. North Pacific explored, 75, 80, 84. Nova Zembla, 78, 91. OCEAN, THE, AND ITS ORIGIN, 1-8. Ocean, bed of the, 11. Ocean, characteristics of, 9. Ocean, chemistry of, 14. Ocean currents, 20, 23. Ocean, depth of, 9. Ocean, effects of upon the land, 4. Ocean, life in, 259-274. Ocean, saltness of, 13.