The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial Virginia — John Shaqi
The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial VirginiaWharton, James
History
The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial Virginia
Wharton, James
Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.); Fisheries -- Virginia; Fishing -- Virginia
In this desolation and misery our Governor found the condition and
state of the Colony. Nor was there at the fort, as they whom we
found related unto us, any means to take fish; neither sufficient
seine, nor other convenient net, and yet of their need, there was
not one eye of sturgeon yet come into the river.
The river which was wont before this time of the year to be
plentiful of sturgeon had not now a fish to be seen in it, and
albeit we laboured and hauled our net twenty times day and night,
yet we took not so much as would content half the fishermen. Our
Governor therefore, sent away his long boat to coast the river
downward as far as Point Comfort, and from thence to Cape Henry and
Cape Charles, and all within the bay, which after a seven nights
trial and travail, returned without any fruits of their labours,
scarce getting so much fish as served their own company.
And, likewise, because at the Lord Governor and Captain General's
first coming, there was found in our own river no store of fish
after many trials, the Lord Governor and Captain General dispatched
in the _Virginia_, with instructions, the seventeenth of June,
1610, Robert Tyndall, master of the _De la Warre_, to fish unto,
all along, and between Cape Henry and Cape Charles within the
bay.... Nor was the Lord Governor and Captain General in the
meanwhile idle at the fort, but every day and night he caused the
nets to be hauled, sometimes a dozen times one after another. But
it pleased not God so to bless our labours that we did at any time
take one quarter so much as would give unto our people one pound at
a meal apiece, by which we might have better husbanded our peas and
oatmeal, notwithstanding the great store we now saw daily in our
river. But let the blame of this lie where it is, both upon our
nets and the unskilfulness of our men to lay them.
The matter of sturgeon was of prime importance not only for subsistence
but for export, particularly of the roe. Caviar was in great demand in
England. But with uncertainty as to when the sturgeon would appear in
the river, plus hot weather, plus feeble facilities, the growth of the
industry was impeded. When tobacco, first commercially grown by John
Rolfe, appeared on the scene in 1612 and proved to be a sure money
maker, the export of sturgeon products came to a standstill. It was
having hard going anyway. Complaints from England regarding quality
were familiar enough. According to Lord De La Warr in 1610, on the
subject, "Virginia Commodities":
Sturgeon which was last sent came ill-conditioned, not being well
boiled. If it were cut in small pieces and powdered, put up in
cask, the heads pickled by themselves, and sent here, it would do
far better.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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