The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial VirginiaWharton, James
History
The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial Virginia
Wharton, James
Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.); Fisheries -- Virginia; Fishing -- Virginia
Roes of the said sturgeon make caviar according to instructions
formerly given. Sounds of the said sturgeon will make isinglass
according to the same instructions. Isinglass is worth here 13s.
4d. per 100 pounds, and caviar well conditioned is worth L40 per
100.
Other instances stressed the undependable fishing. Lord De La Warr
wrote to the Earl of Salisbury in England in 1610: "I sent fishermen
out to provide fish for our men, to save other provision, but they had
ill success."
Captain Samuel Argall was specially commissioned by the authorities in
England to deep-sea fish for the benefit of the Colony. After ranging
over a wide area between Bermuda and Canada, he reported in 1610:
... The weather continuing very foggy, thick, and rainy, about five
of the clock it began to cease and then we began to fish and so
continued until seven of the clock in between thirty and forty
fathoms, and then we could fish no longer. So having gotten between
twenty and thirty cods we left for that night, and at five of the
clock, the 26th, in the morning we began to fish again and so
continued until ten of the clock, and then it would fish no longer,
in which time we had taken near one hundred cods and a couple of
halibuts....
Then I tried whether there were any fish there or not [off Maine
coast], and I found reasonable good store there. So I stayed there
fishing till the 12th of August, [1610] and then finding that the
fishing did fail, I thought good to return to the island
[Jamestown]....
Captain Argall also offered his opinion of the usefulness of the
islands off Virginia's seacoast peninsula, later known as the Eastern
Shore:
Salt might easily be made there, if there were any ponds digged,
for that I found salt kernel where the water had overflowed in
certain places. Here also is great store of fish, both shellfish
and others.
The root of the trouble, so far as local fishing conditions were
concerned, was the lack of adequate equipment together with ignorance
of its proper use. Perhaps the ease with which fish were caught at
certain times had spoiled the hardy settlers.
A low opinion of their attitude in this vital pursuit came from Sir
Thomas Gates in 1610:
A colony is therefore denominated because they should be coloni,
the tillers of the earth and stewards of fertility. Our mutinous
loiterers would not sow with providence and therefore they reaped
the fruits of far too dear bought repentance. An incredible example
of their idleness is the report of Sir Thomas Gates who affirms
that after his first coming thither he had seen some of them eat
their fish raw rather than they would go a stone's cast to fetch
wood and dress it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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