The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial VirginiaWharton, James
History
The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial Virginia
Wharton, James
Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.); Fisheries -- Virginia; Fishing -- Virginia
Be it further enacted that for the better relief of the poor
Indians whom the seating of the English had forced from their
wonted convenience of oystering, fishing ... that the said Indians
upon address made to two of the justices of that county they desire
to oyster ... they, the said justices, shall grant a license to the
said Indians to oyster ... provided the said justices limit the
time the Indians are to stay, and the Indians bring not with them
any guns, or ammunition or any other offensive weapon but only such
tools or implements as serve for the end of their coming. If any
Englishman shall presume to take from the Indians so coming in any
of their goods, or shall kill, wound, maim any Indian, he shall
suffer as he had done the same to an Englishman and be fined for
his contempt.
This was followed, according to Hening, in 1676 by another cavalier
gesture to the oppressed:
... It is hereby intended that our neighbor Indian friends be not
debarred from fishing and hunting within their own limits and
bounds, using bows and arrows only. Provided also that such
neighbor Indian friends who have occasion for corn to relieve their
lives and it shall and may be lawful for any English to employ in
fishing or deal with fish, canoes, bowls, mats, or baskets, and to
pay the said Indians for the same in Indian corn, but no other
commodities....
Thomas Glover, author of _An Account of Virginia_, addressed to the
Royal Society in London, published in 1676, sides with the optimists.
His catalogue has a familiar sound but it is valuable as substantiating
many of the earlier reports. One impression to be gained from it is
that after more than 60 years of occupancy of the new territory, the
settlers had in no way depleted their fishery resources, had not, in
fact, even scratched the surface:
In the rivers are great plenty and variety of delicate fish. One
kind whereof is by the English called a sheepshead from the
resemblance the eye of it bears with the eye of a sheep. This fish
is generally about fifteen or sixteen inches long and about half a
foot broad. It is a wholesome and pleasant fish and of easy
digestion. A planter does often times take a dozen or fourteen in
an hour's time with hook and line.
There is another sort which the English call a drum, many of which
are two foot and a half or three foot long. This is likewise a very
good fish, and there is plenty of them. In the head of this fish
there is a jelly, which being taken and dried in the sun, then
beaten to powder and given in broth, procures speedy delivery to
women in labour.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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