The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial VirginiaWharton, James
History
The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial Virginia
Wharton, James
Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.); Fisheries -- Virginia; Fishing -- Virginia
For four months of the year, February, March, April and May, there
are plenty of sturgeon; and also in the same months of herrings,
some of the ordinary bigness as ours in England, but the most part
far greater, of eighteen, twenty inches, and some two feet in
length and better; both these kinds of fish in these months are
most plentiful and in best season which we found to be most
delicate and pleasant meat.
There are also trouts, porpoises, rays, oldwives, mullets, plaice,
and very many other sorts of excellent good fish, which we have
taken and eaten, whose names I know not but in the country language
we have of twelve sorts more the pictures as they were drawn in the
country with their names.
The inhabitants use to take them two manner of ways, the one is by
a kind of weir made of reeds which in that country are very strong.
The other way which is more strange, is with poles made sharp at
one end, by shooting them into the fish after the manner as
Irishmen cast darts; either as they are rowing in their boats or
else as they are wading in the shallows for the purpose.
There are also in many places plenty of these kinds which follow:
Sea crabs, such as we have in England.
Oysters, some very great, and some small; some round and some of a
long shape. They are found both in salt water and brackish, and
those that we had out of salt water are far better than the other
as in our own country.
Also mussels, scallops, periwinkles and crevises.
_Seekanauk_, a kind of crusty shellfish which is good meat about a
foot in breadth, having a crusty tail, many legs like a crab, and
her eyes in her back. They are found in shallows of salty waters;
and sometimes on the shore.
There are many tortoises both of land and sea kind, their backs and
bellies are shelled very thick; their head, feet and tail, which
are in appearance, seem ugly as though they were members of a
serpent or venomous; but notwithstanding they are very good meat,
as also their eggs. Some have been found of a yard in breadth and
better.
In a charming drawing of a group of Indian maidens John White, the
artist associate, commented: "They delight ... in seeing fish taken in
the rivers."
Over and over the first visitors to the Chesapeake bay painted rosy
pictures of its marine life, stressing the abundance, variety and
tastiness of the fish and shellfish. Exploration and communication were
chiefly by water: it was natural that emphasis be laid on water
resources. Though it is proverbial that fish stories partake of
fiction, in the case of John Smith and his successors, it is doubtful
whether they were greatly exaggerated. This was a world where nature,
especially in the waters, was immeasurably prolific.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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