The Burial Customs of the Ancient GreeksGraves, Frank Pierrepont
History
The Burial Customs of the Ancient Greeks
Graves, Frank Pierrepont
Burial -- Greece; Greece -- Antiquities
These _heroa_ as a rule, however, were erected in memory of some great
man at that period when death had brought about an indefiniteness
and haziness of view which exaggerated his achievements into heroic
proportions. The Theseum was a notable instance of such a monument.
Here, it was believed, were deposited the bones of Theseus after they
had been brought back to Athens, and here was a general asylum for
criminals[220] who fled from the penalty of their misdeeds. One of
these tombs was erected over the remains of Lycus[221]; and a certain
Germanicus, a _didaskalos_ or school master, apparently obtained so
great a reputation that a _heroum_ was built in his honor[222].
A whole family was often buried in the same _heroum_. There is
reported an instance of a man’s buying one of these temple-tombs for
himself, his wife and child[223]; and, in the third century, a rich
woman, probably of Thera, left by her will three thousand drachmas,
almost six hundred dollars for the erection of a _heroum_ (which she
terms a _museum_), in honor of herself, her husband and her two sons.
She directed that sacrifices shall be offered to them as heroes for
three days in each year[224]. In the early period, when Athens was
under Cecrops, the burials were simple and inexpensive, but, shortly
after Solon’s time, it became so common to spend vast sums on the
tombs that a law was passed to check the outlay. Cicero says that the
elaborateness of the grave was limited to what ten men could accomplish
in three days[225]; but Plato, in prescribing the limit which should
be observed, states, as has been before mentioned, that it should only
be as high as five men could build in five days[226]. Plato would add
the further restriction that no stone monument should be built larger
than to receive four hexameters in praise of the deceased[226]. From
many indications in literature, however, there is reason to believe
that Plato’s suggestion was not adopted. Diogiton, who was doing his
best to defraud his wards of their money by spending as little as
possible for their needs, purchased a memorial for their father at
twenty-four _minae_ (about five hundred dollars). This seems to have
been considered a niggardly sum for the purpose[227]. On the other
hand, the tomb which Phormio erected in honor of his wife cost him over
two talents, which is over two thousand five hundred dollars[228]. In
memory of Isocrates, there was erected a monument forty-five feet high,
on which was a siren ten feet and a half in height, emblematic of his
eloquence[229].
It was such expenditures as these that led Demetrius Phalereus, about
the beginning of the fourth century before Christ, to make another
attempt to check funeral extravagance. He tried to set a limit to the
new tombs by forbidding any tomb but the _kion_ to be more than four
and a half feet high and by putting a special officer in charge of the
matter, but all his efforts proved vain[230].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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