The Burial Customs of the Ancient GreeksGraves, Frank Pierrepont
History
The Burial Customs of the Ancient Greeks
Graves, Frank Pierrepont
Burial -- Greece; Greece -- Antiquities
The inscription that was carved on the tomb contained, as is still the
custom, the name and a few notices about the life of the departed. In
addition to those details, the Greeks, at a later period, sometimes set
forth a curse on any one who should presume to desecrate the grave in
any way. Although this peculiar protection of the last resting-place
is not at present resorted to among us, yet it is but a few centuries
since the custom was not uncommon in England. It will be instructive to
compare one of the older imprecations of the Hellenes with the famous
inscription on the tomb of Shakespeare, composed possibly by the bard
himself. The Englishman wrote:
“Good friend, for Jesus’ sake forbeare,
To digg the dust enclosed heare;
Bless be he yt spares these stones,
And curst be he yt moves my bones.”
That is somewhat more concise, if not quite as pointed as some Greek
inscriptions, one of which reads as follows:
“I summon to the guardianship of this tomb the lower gods, Pluto,
Demeter, Persephone and all the others. If any one despoils it,
opens it, or in any way disturbs it, by himself or an agent, may his
journey on land be obstructed, on the sea, may he be tempest-tossed
and thoroughly baffled and driven about in every way. May he suffer
every ill, chills and fevers, remittent and intermittent, and the most
repulsive skin diseases. Whatever is injurious and destructive in life
may it fall on him that dares remove anything from this tomb[231].”
On the other hand, some of the Grecian tombs, like that of the English
poet, contain also all manner of blessings and wishes for the absence
of evil for him and his posterity who may guard the tomb and perform
the sacrifices and other customary rites[232].
To make sure that no one disturbed the bones, directions were sometimes
left in wills that the grave of the testator be watched by slaves[233].
These inscriptions, if they contained imprecations so elaborate as that
presented above, must have been rather extended. In some states of
Greece, the inscription was very short. The Sicyonians, on the columns
which they raised to the dead, usually placed the name of the departed,
without stating his ancestry, but exhorting the passer-by to wish well
to his remains[234]. Lycurgus would not permit the Spartans to inscribe
the name of the deceased on the tomb, unless he had fallen in battle;
or if the deceased were a woman, unless she had died in some sacred
office[235].
At Athens, there are found monuments inscribed to deceased children
and it would seem that this honor was bestowed without reference to
the age of the dead. A tomb has been discovered with an inscription to
a child of seven that was lost on a mountain[236]. Two other epitaphs
are dedicated to children who were but two years old ere “disease had
stopped their life[237].”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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