The Cabinetmaker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg: Giving Attention to the City's Chief Craftsmen in the Furniture Way; And to Their Tools & Methods of WorkingHeuvel, Johannes
History
The Cabinetmaker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg: Giving Attention to the City's Chief Craftsmen in the Furniture Way; And to Their Tools & Methods of Working
Heuvel, Johannes
Furniture making; Furniture workers -- Virginia -- Williamsburg; Furniture, Colonial -- Virginia -- Williamsburg
What happened to Tyrie we do not know. Perhaps the coming of the War for
Independence holds the key to his destiny; perhaps he, like many another
apprentice, ran away from his master. One of Bucktrout’s apprentices,
David Davis, took off one day wearing a whole new suit of clothing and
new shoes. The important circumstance, however, was that an
apprenticeship of up to seven years was the normal—indeed the only—way
for a boy to gain entry into the business world. It was also the normal
source to the master of a constantly renewed supply of cheap, unskilled
labor.
[Illustration: _Artifacts from the site of Anthony Hay’s
cabinetmaking shop: (1) unfinished table leg, walnut; (2) fragment
of an oboe, boxwood with brass stops; (3) crest rail of a chair in
the Chippendale style; (4 to 12) cabinet fittings, brass, including
ornamental column base from a tall case clock (6) and a chair caster
(7); and (13 to 18) carpenter’s tools, all of iron and heavily
encrusted with rust. Redrawn from photographs._]
Three other sources of help were available to him: wage-earning
journeymen, indentured servants, and slaves—all of whom might be skilled
workers in the craft. Williamsburg cabinetmakers advertised from time to
time in the _Virginia Gazette_ for the services of capable journeymen, a
circumstance that argues both the need of the proprietors for help and
the availability of potential helpers. As to any specific workers they
may have acquired in this category, the record is silent.
Other advertisements listed joiners and cabinetmakers among the cargoes
of ships bringing indentured passengers whose services for a period were
to be auctioned off to the highest bidder or sold for a fixed fee. But
no evidence has been found that any Williamsburg cabinetmaker augmented
his work force with indentured servants.
Formal apprenticeship of Negro slaves was not uncommon, and many
examples can be cited of Negroes who became skilled workers even without
the formality. The largest number in and around Williamsburg seem to
have been carpenters, but other crafts had skilled and semi-skilled
practitioners who were slaves. Peter Scott, for example, owned “two
Negroes, bred to the Business of a Cabinet-maker,” and Anthony Hay owned
a “very good” slave cabinetmaker even after he turned from that trade to
innkeeping. However, no instance has come to light from colonial
Virginia of a Negro, even a freedman, who became a journeyman or master
of any craft.
_GREENER GRASS_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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