The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 05 (of 10) — John Shaqi
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 05 (of 10)Sedgwick, Adam
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 05 (of 10)
Sedgwick, Adam
Animals
They have not attracted much notice until comparatively recent times.
Compared with Insects they have been but little known. The reason of this
is not hard to find. The Myriapods do not exercise so much direct influence
on human affairs as do some other classes of animals; for instance,
Insects. They include no species which is of direct use to man, like the
silkworm or the cochineal insect, and they are of no use to him as food. It
is true that they are injurious to his crops. For instance, the species of
Millepede known as the "wire worm"[10] is extremely harmful; but this has
only attracted much notice in modern times, when land is of more value than
formerly, and agriculture is pursued in a more scientific manner, and the
constant endeavour to get the utmost amount of crop from the soil has
caused a minute investigation into the various species of animals which are
noxious to the growing crop. The species of {30}Myriapoda best known to the
ancients were those which were harmful to man on account of their poisonous
bite.
Some writers have supposed that the word which is translated "mole" in the
Bible (Lev. xi. 30) is really _Scolopendra_ (a genus of Centipede), and, if
this is so, it is the earliest mention of the Myriapods. They were rarely
noticed in the classical times; almost the only mention of them is by
Ælian, who says that the whole population of a town called Rhetium were
driven out by a swarm of Scolopendras. Pliny tells us of a marine
Scolopendra, but this was most probably a species of marine worm.
Linnaeus included Myriapods among the Insects; and the writers after him
till the beginning of this century classed them with all sorts of Insects,
with Spiders, Scorpions, and even among Serpents. It was Leach who first
raised them to the importance of a separate class, and Latreille first gave
them the name of Myriapoda, which they have retained ever since.
Myriapods are terrestrial animals, crawling or creeping on the ground or on
logs of wood, or even under the bark of trees. There is, however, a partial
exception to this; various naturalists have from time to time given
descriptions of marine Centipedes. These are not found in the sea, but
crawl about on the shore, where they are submerged by each tide. Professor
F. Plateau has given an account of the two species of Myriapods that are
found thus living a semi-aquatic life. They are named _Geophilus maritimus_
and _Geophilus submarinus_, and Plateau found that they could exist in sea
water from twelve to seventy hours, and in fresh water from six to ten
days. They thus offer a striking example of the power that their class
possess of existing under unfavourable circumstances.
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