Sub-fam. 7. _Anserinae._–In this group the female resembles the male. _Nesochen sandvicensis_, of the Sandwich Islands, has a black head and throat, brown plumage barred with whitish and black, and buff sides of the neck with black stripes. It inhabits craters and "lava-flows" on hills, and is fond of berries. The members of the genus _Bernicla_, or Black Geese, are grey and black, with a varying amount of white, and have black bills and feet. _B. brenta_, the Brent Goose, our commonest winter species, is brownish-black, with darker head, neck, and breast, white tail-coverts and lateral neck-patches. It is found in the Arctic Regions, and migrates as far as the Mediterranean and the Mississippi. It feeds by day in shallows on grass-wrack, laver, crustaceans, and insects, has a loud note, and lays about four cream-coloured eggs. From western Arctic America to the Lena occurs the form _B. nigricans_ with white collar and black belly. _B. leucopsis_, the Bernacle Goose, migrating to the same districts as _B. brenta_, abounding on our west coasts in winter, and occupying in summer Arctic Europe and Greenland, where it is supposed to breed, has nested in one place in Norway. The front of the head is white, the crown and neck are black, the mantle is lavender-grey marked with black and white, the under parts are greyish. Unlike the Brent Goose, it feeds at night. _B. canadensis_, of temperate North America, wintering down to Mexico, has a triangular white patch on each side of the black {132}head, and is comparatively large; _B. hutchinsi_ is a smaller and more Arctic form, _B. minima_ and _B. occidentalis_ north-western races of the same. _B. ruficollis_, the Red-breasted Goose of West Siberia, which migrates southwards, strays to Britain, and is portrayed in the paintings of Egypt, is black, with white loral patch, rump, sides and belly, the ear-coverts, fore-neck, and chest are chestnut outlined by white, and the two wing-bands are grey. _Philacte canagica_, the Emperor Goose of North-East Asia and North-West America, is blue-grey with black and white bars, the head and nape being white tinted with orange, the throat brownish, the bill purplish-blue with white nail, and the feet orange. _Cycnopsis cycnoïdes_, the Chinese Goose of East Asia, is mainly grey-brown above and whitish below, with rufous edges to the feathers; the head and neck are white with a brown band down the crown and nape; the bill is black, or in the domesticated form red with a frontal knob; the feet are orange.