THE CAMPAIGN OF MARENGO THE CAMPAIGN OF MARENGO With Comments BY HERBERT H. SARGENT FIRST LIEUTENANT AND QUARTERMASTER, SECOND CAVALRY, UNITED STATES ARMY; MEMBER OF THE MILITARY HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MASSACHUSETTS; AUTHOR OF "NAPOLEON BONAPARTE'S FIRST CAMPAIGN" [Illustration] LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER, & CO. LTD PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD 1897 Copyrighted in Great Britain. University Press: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U.S.A. DEDICATION _BY A SOLDIER TO THE SOLDIERS OF HIS COUNTRY_ It is written in a certain book, with which most of us are familiar, that a day will come when there shall be no more wars. But that time is far distant. When the laws of human society change, wars may cease, but not till then. All around us is strife; the weak are ever falling before the strong. The grass takes its strength from the soil and air, and each blade struggles for food and light with its neighbor. The beast consumes the grass, and man destroys the beast. We struggle on, contending with one another and with the world, and encountering defeat and death when we meet a stronger power than ourselves. Such is Nature's stern law. It regulates the life of the worm that crawls at our feet, governs the actions of men, and determines the destinies of peoples. The conclusion is therefore reached that until man can rise above this law, the time will not come when there shall be no further need of armies, and when war shall be no more. No country has ever become great without soldiers. They lay the foundations of nations. In the history of every great people there is a record of battles fought and battles won. At Lexington, at Bunker Hill, at Gettysburg, men died that a nation might live. Is it any wonder that we should be proud of our profession? "Whoever has a heart," says Von der Goltz, "feels it beat higher and becomes enthusiastic for the profession of the soldier." Napier says: "War is the condition of this world. From man to the smallest insect, all are at strife; and the glory of arms, which cannot be obtained without the exercise of honor, fortitude, courage, obedience, modesty, and temperance, excites the brave man's patriotism, and is a chastening corrective for the rich man's pride." We cannot know whether we shall be called upon to fight for our country; we may be called, or not; but we shall deserve no less the gratitude of our countrymen, if we remain _always ready_. Wars have been necessary in the past; they will be necessary in the future. "Man needs must fight To make true peace his own; He needs must combat might with might, Or might would rule alone." "_The decisive events of the world take place in the intellect._ It is the mission of books that they help one to remember it." PREFACE I have written this book for the civilian and the soldier. I cherish the hope that it will be interesting to both. H.H.S. Fort Wingate, New Mexico, December 7, 1896. CONTENTS