I have not been able to find that the ecclesiastical authorities now take, or ever have taken, any official notice of the damages brought upon a publisher or a printer as a result of the condemnation of books brought into print by him. I may assume that an Italian or a Spanish publisher who had reason to suspect the denunciation of a work in which he was interested, would see to it that the author either himself bore the entire risk and expense for the production and publication of the book, or that the author placed himself under bond of some kind for the protection and possible reimbursement of his publisher. CHAPTER VII THE FIRST SERIES OF INDEXES, 1510–1559 1. Louvain, 1510 (doubtful). 2. Paris, 1544. 3. Venice, 1543. 4. Louvain, 1546. 5. Louvain, 1550. 6. Lucca, 1545. 7. Venice, 1549. 8. Florence, 1552. 9. Valentia, 1551. 10. Valladolid, 1554. 11. Venice, 1554. 12. Louvain, 1558. 13. Valladolid, 1559. 14. Rome, 1559. _1._ _1510._ _Louvain._ Panzer makes reference[111] to a catalogue of prohibited books printed in Louvain in the year 1510. The title cited is, _Die Catalogen oft Inventaryen van den Quaden Verboden Bouken; na advis dar Universiteyt van Louen. Met een Edict oft Mandement der Keyserlycker Majesteyt. Te Louen, deprint bej Servaer van Sassen. MCCCCCX._ This catalogue, no copy of which is at this time known to be in existence, is also referred to by Gesner. The heresies which at that time were to be controlled had not as yet been very clearly classified. Martin Luther, in a letter written February 8, 1516, says: _Nec cessant universitates bonos libros cremare et damnare, rursum malos dictare, immo somniare_.[112] _2._ _1544._ _Paris._ The first schedule of prohibited books printed under the name of an Index was, as far as is at present known, that issued by the University of Paris, in 1544. The faculty of the Sorbonne had been instructed, under an order of the Parliament of July, 1542, to prepare a list of the books that the college had thus far condemned. No copy of the original list has been preserved, but a supplementary list is in existence, bringing the record down to 1543. This supplement contains sixty-five titles, printed without any order or arrangement, and presenting the names of the leading German and French Reformers. There is also a list of anonymous French works. In 1544, the college printed an alphabeted list with about 170 titles. This was reprinted, with additions, in 1547, in 1551, and in 1556. This is the last Index published by the Sorbonne.[113]