The entry in the Index of 1559 under the name Desiderius Erasmus is noteworthy. The name is placed in Class I, comprising authors all of whose writings are prohibited. After the name of Erasmus however, there follows a specific prohibition as follows: _Cum universis Commentariis, Annotationibus, Scholiis, Diologis, Epistolis, Censuris, Versionibus, Libris et Scriptis suis, etiam si nil penitus contra Religionem vel de Religione contineant_. This specific condemnation, in addition to that expressed under the term _opera omnia_, would appear to have included the edition prepared by Erasmus of the Greek Testament. It may be borne in mind, however, that the latter had secured the approval and very cordial commendation of Pope Leo X, to whom the work had been dedicated. The Pope wrote, in 1516, a letter in which he emphasises the exceptional service rendered by Erasmus in this work to the study of sacred theology and to the maintenance of the true faith. A curious comment made upon this action of the Pope, in the Spanish Index of 1612, may be inserted here. In the expurgatory division, under the article devoted to _Erasmi Roterodami Opera_, at the beginning of the censures on the sixth volume, is printed: _Ad marginem Epistolae Leonis P. P. X. ad Erasmum, quae incipit, Dilecte Fili, salutem, et adscribe: Dulcibus encomiis pius Pater nutantem ovem allicere conatur_ (“With gracious commendations the Holy Father endeavours to attract [win back] the wandering sheep”).[120] Another noteworthy detail in the Index of 1559 is the entry in the list of works condemned of the title _Liber inscrip. consilium * * * de emendanda ecclesia_. This _Consilium_ was a report presented by an assembly of four cardinals (including the Englishman, Pole) and five prelates, which had been instructed by Pope Paul III, in 1537, to give him counsel in regard to the reform of the Church. The report or _Consilium_ was more outspoken (in regard to corruptions, etc.) than was considered desirable, and when one of the body, Cardinal Caraffa, assumed the tiara (as Paul IV) he caused his own _Advice_ to be placed on the list of prohibited books. The Index of 1559 also contains a condemnation of the work by Aeneas Sylvius (afterwards Pius II), _Commentaria de actis et gestis Concilii Basileen_. In the Tridentine Index, this condemnation is modified to read, _In actis Aeneae Silvii prohibentur ea quae ipse in bulla retractationis damnavit_. It is not out of order to assume that when a man has become a pope, he may be in a position to see things more clearly and to correct the errors of his fallible days. _14._ _1559._ _Rome._ This is the year of the accession of Paul IV, by whose name the Index of 1559 is known. Its lists were in part based upon the Louvain Index of 1558, and were themselves utilised in the preparation of the Tridentine Index of 1564. It was published during the second interregnum in the council, 1552–1562. The title is: