In the Netherlands, the opposition to the Bull _Unigenitus_ was even stronger than in France, representing in fact a substantial unanimity on the part of the clergy. Under the direction of De Bossu, the successor of Precipiano as Archbishop of Mechlin, the Church of Utrecht took the lead in the contest. A series of the writings of the Netherland divines, which were important only in connection with the pending question, were placed on the Index promptly after publication. In Italy, the Bishop of Orvieto was, in 1719, denounced as an opponent of the Bull, and was imprisoned. After he had formally recanted his declaration, he was confined for the remainder of his life in a monastery. In 1724, Innocent XIII was succeeded by Benedict XIII, a Dominican and a Thomist. The new Pope took steps to allay, through a more liberal interpretation of the Bull, the antagonisms that had arisen. A Roman provincial council, called in 1725, arrived, however, at the conclusion that the Bull must be respected by all the faithful. In 1728, Noailles, at that time seventy-seven years old, apparently wearied of the long struggle, recalled his previous protests and accepted the Bull. He received from the Pope a jubilee Bull and letter of congratulation. He died the year following. In 1730, the Government secured the acceptance of the Bull on the part of the Sorbonne by means of the deprivation, for forty-eight of its antagonists, of the right to vote. This appears to have brought the matter to a close as far as France was concerned. In 1727, died François Paris, a deacon of Paris, who was credited with having worked a series of miracles. Paris had been known in Rome as an active opponent of the Bull _Unigenitus_. The Inquisition took prompt action therefore in condemning, in 1731, the _Memoirs of Paris_, and various records of his miracles. He was described as a stubborn Jansenist, a schismatic, and a heretic, and his “false miracles” as calculated to injure the faith of believers, and to render them disobedient to the See. Under Clement XII, were prohibited later a long series of writings on the miracles. Under Benedict XIV, were placed upon the Index, among other works on the same subject, a record of the life of Jean Soanen and his _Testament Spirituel_; a narrative of the miracles produced in the person of Marianne Pollet; the posthumous works of the Bishop of Babylon, on the ground of the consideration given in these to certain miracles that had been worked against the Archbishop of Sens. In 1755, a convention of the French clergy gave consideration to the question of the treatment to be given to the opponents of the Bull, more particularly with reference to the administration of the sacraments. The majority opinion was in favour of mild measures. The conclusions were submitted to Rome, and the decision given by Benedict XIV confirmed the policy of the mildest possible treatment of the minority party.