The censorship of the Church of Rome and its influence upon the production and distribution of literature, volume 1 (of 2)Putnam, George Haven
History
The censorship of the Church of Rome and its influence upon the production and distribution of literature, volume 1 (of 2)
Putnam, George Haven
Freedom of the press; Liberty of conscience; Prohibited books
_1378._ _Gregory XI_, as a result of a denunciation by the Inquisitor,
Nicholas Eymeric, condemned two hundred propositions selected from
twenty treatises of Raymond Lully (who had died in 1315). In 1419, the
papal legate in Spain characterises this Bull as having been secured
under false representations, and as not to be regarded. After that
time, there were numerous bitter controversies over the precise status
of Lully’s writings, controversies in which the orthodoxy of Lully was
maintained by the Franciscans, while the soundness of the denunciation
of Eymeric was upheld by the Dominicans. Paul IV placed Lully in Class
II of his Index: but his name was omitted from the Index of Trent.
In 1580 and in 1620, question again arose as to placing Lully on the
Index, but the suggestion was withdrawn at the instance of the Spanish
court.
_1387._ _King Richard II_ prohibits, under penalty of imprisonment
and confiscation of property, the sale or purchase of the heretical
writings of Wyclif (who had died in 1384) and of Nicholas Hereford.
_1408._ _The Convocation of Canterbury_, under the direction of
Archbishop Arundel, prohibits the reading of any writings of Wyclif,
or of “any other writings of his time,” until the same had been passed
upon and expurgated by censors appointed by the Universities of Oxford
and Cambridge, and the expurgated texts had been approved by the
archbishop.[28]
_1415._ _The Council of Constance_ condemns as heretical the writings
of John Wyclif. It is forbidden, under pain of excommunication, to read
them or to make citations from them (except for the purpose of refuting
their errors); and the bishops are ordered to cause all copies to be
collected and burned.
The council takes similar action in regard to the writings of John
Huss, copies of which were publicly burned. In the year following, the
same fate came upon Huss himself, and also upon Jerome of Prague.
_1435._ _The Council of Basel_ condemns a work by Augustinus Favorini,
Prior General of the Augustinian Eremites. The book was characterised
by Cardinal Torquemada as unwholesome and heretical. The author
appealed to the Pope (Eugenius IV) who, against the protest of the
council, referred the book to a committee of investigation. The report
of the committee is not on record, but it was probably unfavourable, as
the book (which was never printed) stands, since 1559, on the Index.
_1459._ _Pope Pius II_, at the demand of the Inquisition, condemns the
writings of Pecock, Bishop of Chichester (charged with Wycliffian
heresies), and orders copies of the same to be delivered for burning.
_1460._ _Pius II_ condemns certain “Hussite” writings of Gregory of
Heimburg and, in _1461_, the condemnation is repeated in a _Bulla
Coenae_.
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