_1463._ _Pope Pius II_ (_Aeneas Sylvius_) issues a Bull entitled _In Minoribus Agentes_, directed to the University of Cologne. In this Bull, Pius takes the ground that the tractate on the Council of Basel, written by him before his elevation to the Papacy, (which he points out he had previously withdrawn) is to be considered as cancelled. He disapproves of the opinions therein presented. He says further to the university: “In case you may find among writings of mine (and I have in my younger days been responsible for many) any that are unsound or are likely to prove pernicious, these should be pointed out and condemned.”[29] In the Index of 1559 is placed not the work above referred to, but the _Commentarium de Concilio Basileensi_, by Aeneas Sylvius. In the Index of Trent is the entry: “_In Actis Aeneae Sylvii prohibentur ea quae ipse in Bulla retractationis damnavit, Ben. in: Piccolominens, Commentariorum de concilio Basil. Corrigantur ea quae ipse in B. r. d._” Reusch points out that, as no corrected edition was ever issued, these two works of Pius II must be considered as still under condemnation. His “Letters” and other writings (some of which he had also disavowed) escaped formal condemnation. _1468._ _Paul II_ excommunicates Gregory of Heimburg on the ground of his treatise on the Papacy. Gregory’s name fails, however, to find a place either in the catalogues of Lutzenburg, or in any of the Indexes, although this treatise was reprinted in 1555.[30] _1479._ _Sixtus IV_ gives authority to Carillo, Archbishop of Toledo, to bring to trial Pedro Martinez de Osma, professor in Salamanca, by reason of the heresies in his tract _De Confessione_. Pedro recants his heresies, and the archbishop orders all copies of the book to be burned. The university is enjoined to take measures to such end. Sixtus confirms this proceeding in 1480, by a Bull. In the same year, Pedro dies. His name is not included in any Index, either Spanish or general. _1480._ _The Inquisition of Mayence_ brings to trial Johann Ruchrath of Overwesel (de Wesalia) on the ground of certain _Paradoxa_ contained in his sermons, and of his tractates on the authority of the Church, absolution, etc. Ruchrath recanted and was, therefore, spared from death but condemned to imprisonment for life. He died in 1481. The books were burned. The name of Wesalia appears, since 1559, in the first class of the papal Indexes. * * * * * =Prohibitions of Hebrew Writings.= In the centuries preceding the institution of the Indexes, the _Talmud_ and the other doctrinal writings of the Hebrews came repeatedly under the prohibitions of the Church.