Superstition and torture rampant after the Reformation. The Witchcraft delusion. Political decadence. The pre-Reformation House of Lords. Popular holidays obliterated. Internationalism overshadowed. Modern social progress a reversion to mediaeval notions. {xx} {xxi} LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Sebastiano del Piombo, Christopher Columbus (Metropolitan Museum, New York) _Frontispiece_ 2. Carpaccio, Meeting of Sts. Joachim and Anna. Opposite page xxix 3. Titian, Emperor Charles V xxxiv 4. Raphael, Drawing of Slaughter of Innocents. On page 3 5. Raphael, Dream of the Knight Opposite page 4 6. Raphael, School of Athens Opposite page 8 7. Raphael, Poetry (Mosaic, Vatican) Opposite page 14 8. Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna of the Rocks Opposite page 20 9. Raphael, Pope Julius II Opposite page 37 10. Fra Angelico, St Francis Opposite page 53 11. Perugino, Entombment (Pitti) Opposite page 56 12. Borgognone, St. Catharine of Alexandria Opposite page 57 13. Botticelli, Illustration for Dante On page 61 14. Bellini, Doge Loredano Opposite page 62 15. Correggio, Marriage of St. Catherine (Louvre) Opposite page 66 16. Gossaert, Virgin and Child Jesus (Italian Influence over Flemish) Opposite page 69 17. Van der Weyden, Mater Dolorosa Opposite page 71 18. Quentin Matsys, Legend of St. Ann (Centre) Opposite page 73 19. Van Oriey, Dr. Zelle Opposite page 74 20. Dürer, Title Page of Life of Blessed Virgin On page 76 21. Clouet, François, Elizabeth of Austria On page 79 22. Navarrete, St. Peter and St. Paul (Escurial) On page 81 23. Cespedes, The Last Supper (Cathedral, Cordova) On page 83 24. Bertoldo di Giovanni, Battle (Bargello) Opposite page 85 25. Rosselino, Antonio, Madonna Opposite page 87 26. Donatello, Gatamelata Opposite page 91 27. Benedetto Rovezzano, Chimney Piece Opposite page 95 28. Pulpit, Leyden Opposite page 98 29. Dürer, St John Baptist Preaching (Bas-relief in carved wood) On page 100 30. King Arthur (Innsbruck) On page 103 31. Henry VIII on Field of Cloth of Gold (Bas-relief, Rouen) On page 104 32. Goujon, Jewel Cabinet On page 106 33. Armor (fifteenth century, Paris) On page 108 34. Scent Box, chased gold On page 111 {xxii} 35. Seats (fifteenth century miniatures) On page 112