Prince Henry the navigator. John II of Portugal. Bartholomew Dias. Vasco da Gama. Columbus. Amerigo Vespucci. The Cabots. Magellan. Circumnavigation of the globe. South Sea discoveries. Australia. Verazzano in New York. French explorers. Empire builders old and new. Cortés. Pizarro. Spanish treatment of Indians. Contrast with ours. Explorers of Columbus Century and of present day {xiv} CHAPTER VII AMERICA IN COLUMBUS' CENTURY 275 A glorious chapter of American history before 1550. Sidney Lee contrasts Spanish and English influence in America. Professor Bourne on early American culture. Mexican education. Universities of Mexico and Lima. Scholarship. Educational standards. Dr. Chanca on America. Garcilaso de la Vega. Professor Bourne contrasts Spanish and English education. Printing press. Early printed books. First American hospital. Champlain on Mexico. Remains at Panama. CHAPTER VIII SOME GREAT WOMEN 290 Renaissance women. Isabella of Castile. Genius for peace and war. Power of administration. Education. Housewifely virtues. Care for Indians. Prescott's contrast of Isabella and Elizabeth. Vittoria Colonna. Letter to her husband on honesty. Poems. Influence on men of Renaissance. The Gonzagas. St. Catherine of Genoa. Battistina Vernazza. Lucretia Borgia. Historical traditions and facts. Gregorovius' vindication. Garnett on Borgia poisonings. Aldus' praise. Lucretia as a ruler. Her protection of the Jews. Her husband's love. Victor Hugo and the Lucretian myth. Marguerite of Navarre. Personal character. Care for the poor. Mary of Burgundy. St. Teresa. _Mater Spiritualium_. French, German and English tributes. Greatest of intellectual women. Some of her maxims. CHAPTER IX FEMININE EDUCATION 313