The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine BuildingLethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Religion
The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine Building
Lethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Ayasofya Müzesi
Theophanes, Cedrenus, Glycas, Paul the Deacon, Nicephorus Callistus,
and other late historians agree in making Constantine the founder of
the first Church dedicated to the Second Person of the Trinity as
the Divine Wisdom; and Cedrenus even gives a name--Euphrates--to the
architect.[22] Codinus, who wrote in the fifteenth century, alone
relates that Constantine purified a previously existing temple and
dedicated it to Christian uses.
There is much evidence to show that the church could not have been
completed by Constantine even if he had founded it, or contemplated
its foundation. In the life of the emperor, the Church of the Holy
Apostles, which was built near the Forum of Constantine, and in which
the emperor was buried, is described at length,[23] but it does not
mention S. Sophia, although the author takes pains to enumerate the
Christian objects in the city--saying that there were “many Oratories
and Martyria, and by the fountains in the middle of the agorae were
figures in gilt bronze of the Good Shepherd and of Daniel with the
lions; in the palace was a cross wrought in gold with many coloured
precious stones.”[24]
In the fifth century _Notitia_, as we have seen, S. Irene is called the
Old Church and S. Sophia the Great Church.
The historian Socrates, probably the best authority, says that
Constantine “built two churches, one he called Irene and the other the
Apostles,”[25] and he attributes S. Sophia entirely to Constantius.
“The King built the great church which is called Sophia and joined
it to that called Irene, which the father of the king had previously
increased and beautified, and now both churches were included within
one wall and had one title.”
Upon its completion, it was dedicated, with magnificent ceremony,
by the patriarch Eudoxius on Sunday, February 15th, 360 A.D., “in
the thirty-fourth year after its foundation.”[26] This would fix its
foundation in the year 326 A.D., two years after Constantine, having
defeated Licinius, had begun to reign alone. Cedrenus writes, “Eudoxius
consecrated a _second_ time the Church of the Divine Wisdom, because
after its first completion, and the dedication by Eusebius, it had
fallen and been again restored by Constantius,”[27] and he places this
event in the twenty-second year of Constantius’ reign.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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