The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine BuildingLethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Religion
The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine Building
Lethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Ayasofya Müzesi
Cedrenus is a late and credulous writer, and in attributing a first
dedication to Eusebius--who would certainly have told us himself--he
shows how untrustworthy is the whole story. Altogether we cannot
do better than accept the account of Idatius and that given in the
_Paschal Chronicle_, with perhaps a little suspicion on the part which
refers to Constantine, “In this year (360) in the month Peritius was
dedicated the great church of Constantinople, in the thirty-fourth
year from the time when Constantine had laid the foundations. For the
opening ceremony (_encaenia_) Constantius brought many offerings of
gold, and great treasure of silver; many tissues adorned with gold
thread and stones for the sanctuary; for the doors of the church
different curtains (_amphithuriai_) of gold; and for the outside
gateways (_puleones_) many others with gold threads.” According to
the late Anonymous author (see page 129), “in the reign of Theodosius
the Great († 395) and in the patriarchate of Nectarius (381-398),
seventy-four years after the church was built, the roof of the church
was destroyed by fire;” he probably really meant the fire of 404 in
Arcadius’ reign. At that time S. John Chrysostom, incurring the dislike
of the Empress Eudoxia, was banished. He was brought back at the end
of two days, once more preached in S. Sophia, and was exiled again,
with disastrous results, for his partisans set fire to the church and
destroyed it. “This happened on the 20th of June, in the consulship of
Honorius and Aristaenetus” (404).[28]
The fire was by some thought to be of supernatural origin. Palladius,
the bishop’s biographer, writes, “Then a flame seemed to burst from the
centre of the throne in which he used to sit, and climbed up by the
chains [of lamps] to the roof ... and crept like a wriggling snake upon
the back of the houses of the church.” There was also burnt the Senate,
“lying many paces to the south opposite the church; and the fire spared
only the little house, in which the sacred vessels were kept.”
The church was again injured by fire, restored by Theodosius II.,
and rededicated in 415.[29] Fresh relics were required for this
rededication.[30] One fact of importance in regard to this church is
related by Sozomenus of the Empress Pulcheria. “She dedicated an altar
in the church of Constantinople, a most wonderful work of gold and
precious stones, on behalf of her virginity and her brothers’ empire.
And she wrote this on the face of the table so that it might be clear
to all.”[31]
From this time until the outbreak known as the Nika sedition, in
January 532, the church is not said to have been further altered.
According to Cedrenus, the records and charters perished with the
church.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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